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Anatomy > Chapters 19-21 > Flashcards

Chapters 19-21 Flashcards

1
Q

1) What is the function of blood?

A

Not promote blood loss

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2
Q

2) What constitutes plasma?

A

Not formed elements

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3
Q

3) What cells are found in the blood?

A

erythrocytes and leukocytes

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4
Q

4) What hematocrit value indicates that a patient has polycythemia?

A

62%

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5
Q

5) A patient suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus has renal and hepatic damage. How might that damage
affect her blood?

A

her kidneys may not make enough EPO, causing her to be anemic, her liver may not make enough TPC causing her to bleed more profusely. (A + B)

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6
Q

6) What is the shape of RBCs?

A

NOT RBC’s have a spherical shape

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7
Q

7) What constitutes hemoglobin?

A

has an Fe2+ at the center of its heme group

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8
Q

8) What does hemoglobin do?

A

transports most of the O2 and about 23% of the CO2 between the tisseus and the lungs

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9
Q

9) When hemoglobin is recycled, what happens to the heme group?

A

it is converted to bilirudin and then bilirubin* (C)

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10
Q

10) What is erythropoiesis and how does it relate to RBC destruction?

A

normally keeps pace with RBC destruction

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11
Q

11) How are white blood cells classified?

A

include the granulocytes, eosinophils, basophils, *

A and B are correct

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12
Q

12) Two doctors, trained in different decades and different parts of the country, call the critical care nurses’ station
and ask for a report on a patient’s blood work. One doctor is particularly interested in the patient’s “segs” and the
other in the patient’s “PMNs”. Both want to know about “bands”. The experienced, well-educated R.N. answering
the calls knows what ?

A

(A, B, and C are correct)

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13
Q

13) What are platelets and what do they do?

A

(A, B, and C are correct)

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14
Q

14) Stem cells for blood formation may be harvested from where?

A

(A, B, and C are correct)

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15
Q

15) What are the advantages of harvesting stem cells from cord-blood?

A

(A, B, and C are correct)

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16
Q

16) What is hemostasis?

A

(all of the above)

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17
Q

17) What is the mechanism that prevents excessive blood clotting?

A

Not presence of vitamin k blocks the plateled adhesion and release

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18
Q

18) What is intravascular blood clotting called?

A

results in formation of a thrombus

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19
Q

19) What are blood groups based on?

A

the presence of inherited antigens on the surface of erythrocytes

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20
Q

20) Jason has circulating anti-B, but not anti-A, antibodies. Which blood type does he have?

A

A (A)

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21
Q

21) Liz has no circulating anti-A, anti-B or anti-D antibodies. What is his blood type?

A

AB negative (B)

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22
Q

22) What is anemia and what can cause it?

A

condition in which the ability of the blood to carry oxygen decreases, may be caused by defecient amounts of iron in the diet (A + B)

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23
Q

23) Which of type of anemia is inherited?

A

sickle cell anemia

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24
Q

24) What happens in leukemia?

A

produces large number of abnormal leukocytes

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25
Q

25) Where is the heart located?

A

lies within the medius stenum

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26
Q

26) What is the pericardium and what does it do?

A

anchors heart to the diaphragm

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27
Q

27) What makes up the heart wall?

A

consists largely of a middle layer of muscle tissue called the myocardium which performs the pump

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28
Q

28) What is normally observed on the external surface of the heart?

A

series of sulci that contain coronary blood bvessels and variable amount of fat

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29
Q

29) How do each of the cardiac valves function?

A

A + C

30
Q

30) Why doesn’t a significant amount of blood flow back into the vena cavae and coronary sinus during atrial
contraction?

A

the contraction of the atria compresses and closes the venaes openings

31
Q

31) What is the correct sequence of parts through which blood flows as it moves lower body to the to the left
atrium?

A

Not 2

32
Q

32) What supplies the heart with nutrient and oxygen rich blood?

A

Not great cardiac vein

33
Q

33) What is the primary pacemaker of the heart?

A

SA node

34
Q

34) What is the proper order of the propagation of a cardiac action potential?

A

2,5,4,3,1

35
Q

35) What does an electrocardiogram detect?

A

all

36
Q

36) The QRS complex of the ECG is associated with what?

A

ventricular depolorization

37
Q

37) What is single cardiac cycle?

A

includes all of the events associated with one heart beat

38
Q

38) What makes heart sounds?

A

results of teh cardiac valves closing

39
Q

39) What is cardiac output?

A

products of the stroke volume and heart rate

40
Q

40) A patient has pulmonary edema but not peripheral edema. Which of the following is probably true of the
patient’s heart?

A

left ventricle is failing

41
Q

41) What chemical(s) will slow heart rate and decrease cardiac output?

A

ACH (Acetylcholine)

42
Q

42) How does regular exercise relate to heart rate?

A

reduces resting heart rate

43
Q

43) What is the relationship between exercise and the heart?

A

cardiovascular

44
Q

44) What are the risk factors for coronary artery disease?

A

NOT regular aerobic exercises

45
Q

45) What is a myocardial infarction?

A

interrupted blood supply, myocardial cells die

46
Q

46) How do arteries function and how are they arranged?

A

(A, B, and C are correct)

47
Q

47) Where are the sites of exchange between the blood and the tissues?

A

capillaries

48
Q

48) The blood vessels that drain blood directly from the capillary beds are what?

A

venules

49
Q

49) Which part of the arterial wall contains smooth muscle?

A

tunica media

50
Q

50) Which blood vessels play a key role in regulating blood distribution and pressure because their diameters may
be easily and rapidly adjusted?

A

arterioles

51
Q

51) What do capillaries do and how do they form?

A

form more extensice beds in tissues that have greater metabolic rates

52
Q

52) What are venules and what do they do?

A

(A, B, and C are correct)

53
Q

53) What are veins and what do they do?

A

carry blood toward the heart

54
Q

54) Starting with the heart, what is the sequence of the flow of blood through the various vessels?

A

heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
1,5,4,3,6,2
(D)

55
Q

55) Which blood vessels act as blood reservoirs?

A

veins and venules

56
Q

56) What happens to some of the fluid that leaks out of blood vessels?

A

some of the fluid that leaks out of a capillary is reabosrbed into lymphatic vessels.

57
Q

57) What is blood pressure, how is it produced and what is considered normal?

A

NOT blood pressure is generated by the contraction of the atria

58
Q

58) What is mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

A

average pressure in arteries

59
Q

59) After a frightening experience is over, how does the cardiovascular center return heart rate and blood pressure
to normal values?

A

by decreasing sympathetic impulses sent through the cardiac accelerator nerve, by increasing parasympathetic impluses sent through the vagus nerve (A, and B are correct)

60
Q

60) Increased secretion of which hormones would decrease blood pressure?

A

atrial natriupetic peptide - ANP

B

61
Q

61) What is a pulse?

A

(A, B, and C are correct)

62
Q

62) What are the two main circulatory routes?

A

pulmonary and systemic circulations

63
Q

63) What is systemic circulation?

A

returns oxygen depleted blood to the right atrium via the vena cavae or the coronary sinus (B)

64
Q

64) The right and left coronary arteries are branches of what?

A

ascending aorta

65
Q

65) The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) receives blood from what?

A

vertebral arteries via the basilar artery, internal carotid arteries ( A and B are correct)

66
Q

66) If the radial artery was damaged, blood could still reach the hand via the what?

A

ulnar artery

67
Q

67) What are the branches of the abdominal aorta?

A

NOT esophageal artery

68
Q

68) How does blood from the inferior sagittal sinus return to the heart?

A

internal jugular vein, subclavian vein, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, heart
(D)

69
Q

69) The vein that connects the right brachial vein to the right subclavian vein is what?

A

right axillary vein

70
Q

70) What are some of the anticipated effects of aging on the cardiovascular system?

A

NOT increased compliance of blood vessels*

Anatomy (15 decks)

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