Chapters 19-21

Question 1

1) What is the function of blood?

Answer 1

Not promote blood loss

Question 2

2) What constitutes plasma?

Answer 2

Not formed elements

Question 3

3) What cells are found in the blood?

Answer 3

erythrocytes and leukocytes

Question 4

4) What hematocrit value indicates that a patient has polycythemia?

Answer 4

62%

Question 5

5) A patient suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus has renal and hepatic damage. How might that damage
affect her blood?

Answer 5

her kidneys may not make enough EPO, causing her to be anemic, her liver may not make enough TPC causing her to bleed more profusely. (A + B)

Question 6

6) What is the shape of RBCs?

Answer 6

NOT RBC’s have a spherical shape

Question 7

7) What constitutes hemoglobin?

Answer 7

has an Fe2+ at the center of its heme group

Question 8

8) What does hemoglobin do?

Answer 8

transports most of the O2 and about 23% of the CO2 between the tisseus and the lungs

Question 9

9) When hemoglobin is recycled, what happens to the heme group?

Answer 9

it is converted to bilirudin and then bilirubin* (C)

Question 10

10) What is erythropoiesis and how does it relate to RBC destruction?

Answer 10

normally keeps pace with RBC destruction

Question 11

11) How are white blood cells classified?

Answer 11

include the granulocytes, eosinophils, basophils, *

A and B are correct

Question 12

12) Two doctors, trained in different decades and different parts of the country, call the critical care nurses’ station
and ask for a report on a patient’s blood work. One doctor is particularly interested in the patient’s “segs” and the
other in the patient’s “PMNs”. Both want to know about “bands”. The experienced, well-educated R.N. answering
the calls knows what ?

Answer 12

(A, B, and C are correct)

Question 13

13) What are platelets and what do they do?

Answer 13

(A, B, and C are correct)

Question 14

14) Stem cells for blood formation may be harvested from where?

Answer 14

(A, B, and C are correct)

Question 15

15) What are the advantages of harvesting stem cells from cord-blood?

Answer 15

(A, B, and C are correct)

Question 16

16) What is hemostasis?

Answer 16

(all of the above)

Question 17

17) What is the mechanism that prevents excessive blood clotting?

Answer 17

Not presence of vitamin k blocks the plateled adhesion and release

Question 18

18) What is intravascular blood clotting called?

Answer 18

results in formation of a thrombus

Question 19

19) What are blood groups based on?

Answer 19

the presence of inherited antigens on the surface of erythrocytes

Question 20

20) Jason has circulating anti-B, but not anti-A, antibodies. Which blood type does he have?

Answer 20

A (A)

Question 21

21) Liz has no circulating anti-A, anti-B or anti-D antibodies. What is his blood type?

Answer 21

AB negative (B)

Question 22

22) What is anemia and what can cause it?

Answer 22

condition in which the ability of the blood to carry oxygen decreases, may be caused by defecient amounts of iron in the diet (A + B)

Question 23

23) Which of type of anemia is inherited?

Answer 23

sickle cell anemia

Question 24

24) What happens in leukemia?

Answer 24

produces large number of abnormal leukocytes

Question 25

25) Where is the heart located?

Answer 25

lies within the medius stenum

Question 26

26) What is the pericardium and what does it do?

Answer 26

anchors heart to the diaphragm

Question 27

27) What makes up the heart wall?

Answer 27

consists largely of a middle layer of muscle tissue called the myocardium which performs the pump

Question 28

28) What is normally observed on the external surface of the heart?

Answer 28

series of sulci that contain coronary blood bvessels and variable amount of fat

Question 29

29) How do each of the cardiac valves function?

Answer 29

A + C

Question 30

30) Why doesn’t a significant amount of blood flow back into the vena cavae and coronary sinus during atrial contraction?

Answer 30

the contraction of the atria compresses and closes the venaes openings

Question 31

31) What is the correct sequence of parts through which blood flows as it moves lower body to the to the left atrium?

Answer 31

Not 2

Question 32

32) What supplies the heart with nutrient and oxygen rich blood?

Answer 32

Not great cardiac vein

Question 33

33) What is the primary pacemaker of the heart?

Answer 33

SA node

Question 34

34) What is the proper order of the propagation of a cardiac action potential?

Answer 34

2,5,4,3,1

Question 35

35) What does an electrocardiogram detect?

Answer 35

all

Question 36

36) The QRS complex of the ECG is associated with what?

Answer 36

ventricular depolorization

Question 37

37) What is single cardiac cycle?

Answer 37

includes all of the events associated with one heart beat

Question 38

38) What makes heart sounds?

Answer 38

results of teh cardiac valves closing

Question 39

39) What is cardiac output?

Answer 39

products of the stroke volume and heart rate

Question 40

40) A patient has pulmonary edema but not peripheral edema. Which of the following is probably true of the patient’s heart?

Answer 40

left ventricle is failing

Question 41

41) What chemical(s) will slow heart rate and decrease cardiac output?

Answer 41

ACH (Acetylcholine)

Question 42

42) How does regular exercise relate to heart rate?

Answer 42

reduces resting heart rate

Question 43

43) What is the relationship between exercise and the heart?

Answer 43

cardiovascular

Question 44

44) What are the risk factors for coronary artery disease?

Answer 44

NOT regular aerobic exercises

Question 45

45) What is a myocardial infarction?

Answer 45

interrupted blood supply, myocardial cells die

Question 46

46) How do arteries function and how are they arranged?

Answer 46

(A, B, and C are correct)

Question 47

47) Where are the sites of exchange between the blood and the tissues?

Answer 47

capillaries

Question 48

48) The blood vessels that drain blood directly from the capillary beds are what?

Answer 48

venules

Question 49

49) Which part of the arterial wall contains smooth muscle?

Answer 49

tunica media

Question 50

50) Which blood vessels play a key role in regulating blood distribution and pressure because their diameters may be easily and rapidly adjusted?

Answer 50

arterioles

Question 51

51) What do capillaries do and how do they form?

Answer 51

form more extensice beds in tissues that have greater metabolic rates

Question 52

52) What are venules and what do they do?

Answer 52

(A, B, and C are correct)

Question 53

53) What are veins and what do they do?

Answer 53

carry blood toward the heart

Question 54

54) Starting with the heart, what is the sequence of the flow of blood through the various vessels?

Answer 54

heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins 1,5,4,3,6,2 (D)

Question 55

55) Which blood vessels act as blood reservoirs?

Answer 55

veins and venules

Question 56

56) What happens to some of the fluid that leaks out of blood vessels?

Answer 56

some of the fluid that leaks out of a capillary is reabosrbed into lymphatic vessels.

Question 57

57) What is blood pressure, how is it produced and what is considered normal?

Answer 57

NOT blood pressure is generated by the contraction of the atria

Question 58

58) What is mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Answer 58

average pressure in arteries

Question 59

59) After a frightening experience is over, how does the cardiovascular center return heart rate and blood pressure to normal values?

Answer 59

by decreasing sympathetic impulses sent through the cardiac accelerator nerve, by increasing parasympathetic impluses sent through the vagus nerve (A, and B are correct)

Question 60

60) Increased secretion of which hormones would decrease blood pressure?

Answer 60

atrial natriupetic peptide - ANP | B

Question 61

61) What is a pulse?

Answer 61

(A, B, and C are correct)

Question 62

62) What are the two main circulatory routes?

Answer 62

pulmonary and systemic circulations

Question 63

63) What is systemic circulation?

Answer 63

returns oxygen depleted blood to the right atrium via the vena cavae or the coronary sinus (B)

Question 64

64) The right and left coronary arteries are branches of what?

Answer 64

ascending aorta

Question 65

65) The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) receives blood from what?

Answer 65

vertebral arteries via the basilar artery, internal carotid arteries ( A and B are correct)

Question 66

66) If the radial artery was damaged, blood could still reach the hand via the what?

Answer 66

ulnar artery

Question 67

67) What are the branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 67

NOT esophageal artery

Question 68

68) How does blood from the inferior sagittal sinus return to the heart?

Answer 68

internal jugular vein, subclavian vein, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, heart (D)

Question 69

69) The vein that connects the right brachial vein to the right subclavian vein is what?

Answer 69

right axillary vein

Question 70

70) What are some of the anticipated effects of aging on the cardiovascular system?

Answer 70

NOT increased compliance of blood vessels*