Chapter 18

Question 1

1) What are the differences between the endocrine system and the nervous system?

Answer 1

directs long term processes such as pregnancy and puberty

B

Question 2

2) What does the endocrine system target?

Answer 2

its targets are limited to muscles, glands, and nerves

C

Question 3

3) Which mediator is considered to be both a neurotransmitter and a hormone?

Answer 3

norepinephrine

B

Question 4

4) What are the endocrine glands?

Answer 4

Not sudiferous gland

C

Question 5

5) What organs contain endocrine tissue?

Answer 5

Not gall bladder

D

Question 6

6) The anterior pituitary gland responds to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), but the posterior pituitary gland does not. Why?

Answer 6

only the anterior pituatry gland has receptors for GnRH

E

Question 7

7) A patient has a tumor causing excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). How will his body attempt to compensate for excessive amounts of PTH?

Answer 7

His body will down regulate the receptors for PTH to become less sensitive to that hormone
C

Question 8

8) What are paracrine substances?

Answer 8

*paracrine substances act on nearby tissues without first entering the blood, paracrine substances are inactivated quickly; their efforts are short lived, interleukin-2 (il-2) is an example of a paracrine substance
E, A, B, and C are correct

Question 9

9) What are the lipid-soluble hormones?

Answer 9

Not insulin

Question 10

10) Which classes of hormones are water-soluble?

Answer 10

*eicosanoids, amines, peptides, proteins

E all are correct

Question 11

11) What do T3 and T4 have in common with epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Answer 11

they are all derived from the amino acid tyrosine

C

Question 12

12) Which of the following hormones is able to alter gene expression in the mitochondria?

Answer 12

thyroid hormone

D

Question 13

13) Cyclic AMP and cGMP are common 2nd messengers. What is the 1st messenger?

Answer 13

a water soluble hormone

A

Question 14

14) A single molecule ____ can create an amplification effect because it acts via the 2nd messenger mechanism.

Answer 14

eipnephrine

B

Question 15

15) Calcitonin and parathyroid hormones have opposite effects on blood Ca2+ level, therefore they are considered to be

Answer 15

Antagonist

C

Question 16

16) What is the hypothalamus and what does it do?

Answer 16

a link betwen the endocrine and nervous systems

A

Question 17

17) What is the pituitary gland and what does it do?

Answer 17

consists of two lobes, the adenohypophysis and the neuroypophysis
B

Question 18

18) What does the anterior pituitary gland do?

Answer 18

regulates the function of some other endocrine glands by secreting hormones called tropins
C

Question 19

19) What does the posterior pituitary gland do?

Answer 19

containes pitulcytes* and the axons of neurons that originate in the hypothalamus
B

Question 20

20) What is oxytocin and what does it do?

Answer 20

stimulates ejection of milk from the breast

C

Question 21

21) What is ADH and what does it do?

Answer 21

is also called vasopressin, inhibits loss of water via urination, dcreases loss of water via prespiration, helps regulate blood pressure
E, All are correct

Question 22

22) In order to synthesize thyroid hormones, which materials must be available?

Answer 22

iodine, tyosine, or its precurser phenylaline, other amino acids required for thyroglobulin synthesis
E, A, B, and C are correct

Question 23

23) What is the possible outcome of elevated TSH secretion?

Answer 23

Not increased TSH synthesis

A

Question 24

24) Increased levels of thyroid hormones would do what?

Answer 24

Help regulate beta receptors

B

Question 25

25) What is calcitonin and what does it do?

Answer 25

decreases blood Ca2+ levels

Question 26

26) How does PTH increase blood Ca 2+ levels?

Answer 26

by increasing osteoclast activity

A

Question 27

27) What is aldosterone and what does it do?

Answer 27

is responsible for increasing retention of Na+ by the kidneys
C

Question 28

28) What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

Answer 28

secretes horomes that intensify the flight or fight response

E

Question 29

29) A six-year old spent the day eating sweets. He ate cookies for breakfast, ice cream for lunch and candy for supper.
How did his body maintain his blood glucose level within normal range?

Answer 29

by increasing insuline secretion

C

Question 30

30) The resistance stage of the stress response is mediated by what?

Answer 30

is mediated primarily by CRH, GHRH, and TRH

B