Chapters 10,11,12

Question 1

Pieces of DNA in nucleus of Eurakratic cell

Answer 1

Chromosome

Question 2

Section of chromosome that codes for one thing

Answer 2

Gene

Question 3

Different forms of a gene (flavors)

Answer 3

Alleles

Question 4

Developed the language that we use to describe heredity

Answer 4

Gregor Mendel

Question 5

Actual alleles possessed by an individual (genetic makeup)

Answer 5

Genotype

Question 6

Characteristics that appear expressed in the individual (which alleles activated) what appears

Answer 6

Phenotype

Question 7

Heterozygous

Answer 7

two different alleles

Question 8

Homozygous

Answer 8

Both the same alleles

Question 9

Mendel’s 1st Law Segregation

Answer 9

2 alleles of the same gene separate when gametes form

Question 10

Independent Assortment

Answer 10

more than one gene. inheritance of alleles for one gene completely unaffected by the inheritance of alleles for other genes.

Question 11

Mendel’s 2nd law explains

Answer 11

random lining up of chromosome during meiosis

Question 12

Continuous Traits

Answer 12

No single gene controls the trait. Many genes lead to a wide range of possibilities.
(think height) continuous

Question 13

Pleiotropy

Answer 13

One allele has more than one effect on phenotype
(i.g. cystic fibrosis)

Question 14

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 14

Neither allele is fully dominant.
Phenotype from two different alleles is halfway between phenotypes from two identical alleles.

Question 15

Codominance

Answer 15

Both alleles are fully expressed (phenotype of both i.g. blood type)

Question 16

Every time cell division happens
(mitosis mitosis)

Answer 16

DNA needs copying
(DNA replication)

Question 17

In DNA Replication what type of copy is made

Answer 17

Semi-conservative copy
The double helix is unwound
and matched with new DNA

Question 18

Semi-conservative

Answer 18

DNA helix is unwound and complementary matched to the original half of the DNA

Question 19

DNA Helicase

Answer 19

ENzyme that does the separating
unzips ladder (helix)

Question 20

DNA Polymerase

Answer 20

Group of Enzymes that create the polymer that builds the DNA

Question 21

DNA Ligase

Answer 21

Enzymes that link the new sections of DNA together

Question 22

Leading and Lagging strands

Answer 22

the two pieces of separated DNA are replicated in opposite directions

Question 23

How does DNA polymerase know what to attach to old DNA

Answer 23

Complementary pairing/matching
ATCG
TAGC

Question 24

How does genotype get made into phenotype

Answer 24

Central Dogma every gene codes for an enzyme
every gene contains coding for a protein(amino acids usually an enzyme that cause reactions in the cell)

Question 25

Transcription

Answer 25

1. Make RNA copy of DNA gene (Transcription)
   how do we get from gene to protein

Question 26

Translation

Answer 26

Takes RNA copy and makes protein

Question 27

Building an amino acid chain from RNA code

Answer 27

Translation (nucleotides to amino acids)

Question 28

RNA polymerase

Answer 28

Reads DNA and builds RNA strand
AUCG
UAGC

Question 29

Reads DNA and builds RNA strand

Answer 29

RNA polymerase

Question 30

Codon

Answer 30

three nucleotides code for one amino acid
(think english to french dictionary)

Question 31

AUG codes for

Answer 31

Start

Question 32

UAA UAG UGA codes for

Answer 32

Stop

Question 33

What reads the code that makes amino acids

Answer 33

Codon

Question 34

mRNA

Answer 34

messenger RNA code for protein

Question 35

tRNA

Answer 35

Transfer RNA delivers amino acid

Question 36

rRNA

Answer 36

Ribosome (rRNA and protein)

Question 37

reads code and attaches amino acids to the polypeptide

Answer 37

Ribosome

Question 38

Cells that have extra steps between transciption and translation and after translation

Answer 38

Eukaryotes

Question 39

Mutations

Answer 39

change in the DNA code
can change codon