Chapters 10,11,12 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Pieces of DNA in nucleus of Eurakratic cell

A

Chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Section of chromosome that codes for one thing

A

Gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Different forms of a gene (flavors)

A

Alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Developed the language that we use to describe heredity

A

Gregor Mendel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Actual alleles possessed by an individual (genetic makeup)

A

Genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Characteristics that appear expressed in the individual (which alleles activated) what appears

A

Phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Heterozygous

A

two different alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Homozygous

A

Both the same alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mendel’s 1st Law Segregation

A

2 alleles of the same gene separate when gametes form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Independent Assortment

A

more than one gene. inheritance of alleles for one gene completely unaffected by the inheritance of alleles for other genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mendel’s 2nd law explains

A

random lining up of chromosome during meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Continuous Traits

A

No single gene controls the trait. Many genes lead to a wide range of possibilities.
(think height) continuous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pleiotropy

A

One allele has more than one effect on phenotype
(i.g. cystic fibrosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Incomplete Dominance

A

Neither allele is fully dominant.
Phenotype from two different alleles is halfway between phenotypes from two identical alleles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Codominance

A

Both alleles are fully expressed (phenotype of both i.g. blood type)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Every time cell division happens
(mitosis mitosis)

A

DNA needs copying
(DNA replication)

17
Q

In DNA Replication what type of copy is made

A

Semi-conservative copy
The double helix is unwound
and matched with new DNA

18
Q

Semi-conservative

A

DNA helix is unwound and complementary matched to the original half of the DNA

19
Q

DNA Helicase

A

ENzyme that does the separating
unzips ladder (helix)

20
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

Group of Enzymes that create the polymer that builds the DNA

21
Q

DNA Ligase

A

Enzymes that link the new sections of DNA together

22
Q

Leading and Lagging strands

A

the two pieces of separated DNA are replicated in opposite directions

23
Q

How does DNA polymerase know what to attach to old DNA

A

Complementary pairing/matching
ATCG
TAGC

24
Q

How does genotype get made into phenotype

A

Central Dogma every gene codes for an enzyme
every gene contains coding for a protein(amino acids usually an enzyme that cause reactions in the cell)

25
Q

Transcription

A
  1. Make RNA copy of DNA gene (Transcription)
    how do we get from gene to protein
26
Q

Translation

A

Takes RNA copy and makes protein

27
Q

Building an amino acid chain from RNA code

A

Translation (nucleotides to amino acids)

28
Q

RNA polymerase

A

Reads DNA and builds RNA strand
AUCG
UAGC

29
Q

Reads DNA and builds RNA strand

A

RNA polymerase

30
Q

Codon

A

three nucleotides code for one amino acid
(think english to french dictionary)

31
Q

AUG codes for

A

Start

32
Q

UAA UAG UGA codes for

A

Stop

33
Q

What reads the code that makes amino acids

A

Codon

34
Q

mRNA

A

messenger RNA code for protein

35
Q

tRNA

A

Transfer RNA delivers amino acid

36
Q

rRNA

A

Ribosome (rRNA and protein)

37
Q

reads code and attaches amino acids to the polypeptide

A

Ribosome

38
Q

Cells that have extra steps between transciption and translation and after translation

A

Eukaryotes

39
Q

Mutations

A

change in the DNA code
can change codon