Chapter 19 Flashcards
The Study of organisms where they live and how they interact with each other and their environment
Ecology
All organisms of one kind living together
Populations
What are the physical conditions affect functioning of cells and whole organism
Temperature, Water, Sunlight, Soil
Where can the organism survive is called it’s
Range
Two types of populaton growth
Exponential
Logistical
Which growth rate is a constant growth rate the leads to accelerating increase in population number (doubling effect)
Exponential
Which type of growth rate limits how large a population can grow
Logistical
what causes the limitaions in growth rates
Resource availability
Death increases vs Births decrease
(Carrying capacity)
Where do we see logistical growth practically applied
Havesting plants and animals
(maximum sustainable yield)
When, how often and how much to reproduce determines a species’
Life History Patterns
r-Selected r = growth rate
K-selected K = carrying capacity
The study of population statistics
Demography
Three of the trends that demography tracks
Age distribution
Growth predictions (birth/mortality rates)
Survivorship curves
Organisms’s “place” in the community
Niche
includes habitat and
resourse use
The Niche of all places where organisms are capable of living
Fundamental Niche
The Niche where organisms actually live
Realized Niche
Two organisms wanting to use the same resource
Competition
(not enough for all)
Competition with organisms of same species
Intraspecific
Type of competition with organisms of different species
Interspecific competition
Exclusion where two species have the same resource needs, one will always be the better competitor
Competitive Exclusion
How organisms bypass competitive exclusion
Resource Partitioning
Predation (removal of competitor)
Two or more organisms living together in close association
Symbiosis
Two species acting as selection pressure on each other
Coevolution
Symbiosis where both species gain a benifit
Mutualism
Symbiosis where one species benefits and the other is unaffected
Commensalism
Symbiosis where one species benefits and the other is harmed
Paratism
One species killing another for food is called
Predation
To defend against predation species evolve three types of defense
Physical
Chemical
Behavioral
Predictable change in community composition over time
Succesion
The type of succession from bare rock/sand
(soil forming)
Primary succession
The type of succession from bare soil
Secondary
