Chapter 2,3

Question 1

Isotopes

Answer 1

Have different number of neutrons than other atoms of same element

Question 2

Atoms that have gained or lost 1 or more electrons are called

Answer 2

Ions

Question 3

Cation has what kind of charge

Answer 3

Positive +

Question 4

Anions have what kind of charge

Answer 4

Negative -

Question 5

Smallest unit of a substance that retains all the chemical properties of that substance is called a(n)

Answer 5

Molecule

Question 6

Compounds are made of more than one type of ________

Answer 6

Atom

Question 7

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 7

A bound that shares pairs of electrons (strongest bond)

Question 8

A bound that forms when ions of opposite charge attract each other is called?

Answer 8

Ionic (moderatly strong bond)

Question 9

What is an electro static bond created by a hydrogen atom

Answer 9

Hydrogen bond (weakest bond)

Question 10

What are the properties of water important to life

Answer 10

Heat storage
Ice formation
High heat of vaporization
Cohesion/adhesion
High polarity

Question 11

Ions and polar molecules dissolve in ?

Answer 11

Water

Question 12

pH measures what?

Answer 12

H+

Question 13

Acids have higher concentrations of

Answer 13

H+ (less OH-)

Question 14

Bases have higher concentrations of

Answer 14

OH- (less H+)

Question 15

What is a protein polymer called

Answer 15

Polypeptide

Question 16

What are polypeptides built from

Answer 16

Amino acid monomers

Question 17

What is nucleic acid polymer is built from

Answer 17

Nucleotide monomer

Question 18

What is a carbohydrate polymer built from

Answer 18

Monosaccharide

Question 19

What is a lipid polymer built from

Answer 19

Fatty acids

Question 20

The linking of molecular subunits by releasing a water molecule

Answer 20

Dehydration synthesis

Question 21

Breaking the link of molecular subunits by adding a water molecule

Answer 21

Hydrolysis

Question 22

6 formations of protien

Answer 22

Enzymes
Keratin
Collagen
Contaractile
Transport
Defense

Question 23

5 parts of an amino acid

Answer 23

Central carbon
Carboxyl group (-COOH)
Amino group (-NH(2))
Hydrogen
R group

Question 24

Protein
1 primary structure
2 secondary structure
3 tertiary
4 quarternary

Answer 24

1 Amino acid chain
2 coiling or pleating
3 3-d folding
4 units joining

Question 25

Heat and pH can denatured a protein what happens to a denatured protein

Answer 25

It unfolds and can no longer function

Question 26

Active-site cleft

Answer 26

Attaches other chemicals

Question 27

Enzymes

Answer 27

Catalyst for reaction

Question 28

What are the tree parts that make up Nucleotides

Answer 28

Phosphate group
Sugar
Nitrogenous base

Question 29

What are the 5 nitrogenous bases

Answer 29

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine (DNA only)
Uracil (RNA only)

Question 30

What is the C:H:O ratio in carbohydrates

Answer 30

1:2:1

Question 31

Simple sugar with 1 subunit

Answer 31

Monosaccharide
Glucose

Question 32

Sugar with two monosaccharide subunits

Answer 32

Disaccharides
Lactose
Sucrose

Question 33

Sugars with long chains of monosaccharides

Answer 33

Polysaccharides
Glycogen
Chitin
Starch
Cellulose

Question 34

Functions of charbohydrates

Answer 34

Energy release (glucose)
Transport (lactose, sucrose)
Energy storage (starch, gylcogen)
Structural (cellulose, chitin)

Question 35

What are the functions of lipids

Answer 35

Energy storage, padding
and insulation (triglycerides)
Signaling (hormones, pigments)
Cell membrane structure (phospholipids)
Membrane stabilization (cholesterol)
Light capture (pigments)

Question 36

The two types of fat molecules

Answer 36

Fatty acids
Glycerol

Question 37

Lipids are formed by

Answer 37

Long chains of C and H