Chapter 2,3 Flashcards
Isotopes
Have different number of neutrons than other atoms of same element
Atoms that have gained or lost 1 or more electrons are called
Ions
Cation has what kind of charge
Positive +
Anions have what kind of charge
Negative -
Smallest unit of a substance that retains all the chemical properties of that substance is called a(n)
Molecule
Compounds are made of more than one type of ________
Atom
What is a covalent bond?
A bound that shares pairs of electrons (strongest bond)
A bound that forms when ions of opposite charge attract each other is called?
Ionic (moderatly strong bond)
What is an electro static bond created by a hydrogen atom
Hydrogen bond (weakest bond)
What are the properties of water important to life
Heat storage
Ice formation
High heat of vaporization
Cohesion/adhesion
High polarity
Ions and polar molecules dissolve in ?
Water
pH measures what?
H+
Acids have higher concentrations of
H+ (less OH-)
Bases have higher concentrations of
OH- (less H+)
What is a protein polymer called
Polypeptide
What are polypeptides built from
Amino acid monomers
What is nucleic acid polymer is built from
Nucleotide monomer
What is a carbohydrate polymer built from
Monosaccharide
What is a lipid polymer built from
Fatty acids
The linking of molecular subunits by releasing a water molecule
Dehydration synthesis
Breaking the link of molecular subunits by adding a water molecule
Hydrolysis
6 formations of protien
Enzymes
Keratin
Collagen
Contaractile
Transport
Defense
5 parts of an amino acid
Central carbon
Carboxyl group (-COOH)
Amino group (-NH(2))
Hydrogen
R group
Protein
1 primary structure
2 secondary structure
3 tertiary
4 quarternary
1 Amino acid chain
2 coiling or pleating
3 3-d folding
4 units joining
Heat and pH can denatured a protein what happens to a denatured protein
It unfolds and can no longer function
Active-site cleft
Attaches other chemicals
Enzymes
Catalyst for reaction
What are the tree parts that make up Nucleotides
Phosphate group
Sugar
Nitrogenous base
What are the 5 nitrogenous bases
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine (DNA only)
Uracil (RNA only)
What is the C:H:O ratio in carbohydrates
1:2:1
Simple sugar with 1 subunit
Monosaccharide
Glucose
Sugar with two monosaccharide subunits
Disaccharides
Lactose
Sucrose
Sugars with long chains of monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Glycogen
Chitin
Starch
Cellulose
Functions of charbohydrates
Energy release (glucose)
Transport (lactose, sucrose)
Energy storage (starch, gylcogen)
Structural (cellulose, chitin)
What are the functions of lipids
Energy storage, padding
and insulation (triglycerides)
Signaling (hormones, pigments)
Cell membrane structure (phospholipids)
Membrane stabilization (cholesterol)
Light capture (pigments)
The two types of fat molecules
Fatty acids
Glycerol
Lipids are formed by
Long chains of C and H
