Chapter 18 Flashcards
5 Defining features of the Kingdom Animalia
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
No cell walls
Mobile
Cells organized into tissues
Hierarchy of major changes over evolution time
Tissues
Bilateral symmetry
Body cavity
Segmentation
Growth by adding mass or molting
Protostomes/Deuterostome development
Animals first arrived
565 million years ago
Protist ancestor of animals
Choanoflagellates
Sponges phylum
Porifera
Stats of sponges
No real tissues
Sessile
Filter feeders
Sexual and asexual reproduction
Mostly marine
leave limestone deposits
Medusas, hydra, corals, man’o’war phylum
Cnidaria
Stats of Cnidaria
True tissues
radial symmetry
bags with tentacles
stinging cells nematocysts
Floating sessile forms
sexual and asexual reporduction
Digest prey in central cavity
Corals deposits are made of what compound
calcium carbonate
Flatworm, tapeworms and flukes phylum
Platyhelminthes
Stats on Platyhelminthes
Bilateral symmetry
3 layers of cells in embryos
Endoderm (inner) leads to digestive tract
Mesoderm (middle) leads to muscles
Ectoderm (outer) leads to skin and nerves
Hermaphrodite sex
Can reproduce asexually if cut in half
Nervous system (brain-precursor)
Body cavities
Acoelomate = Flatworms
Pseudocoelomate =Roundworms
Coelomate = Mollusks and onward
No body cavity
Acoelomate
Body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm
pseudocoelomate
Body cavity with-in mesoderm
Coelomate
Gastropods/Bivalves/Cephalopods phylum
Mollusca
Stats on Mollusca
True body cavity (coelomates)
No Segmentation
Complex structures
Nervous system
Eye
Circulatory/Excretory/Respiratory systems
Shell secreted by the mantle
2nd largest phylum
Three parts of mullusks
Head/Foot/Mantle
Earthworms, Leeches, marine worms phylum
Annelida
Stats on Annelida
The earliest form of segmentation
Closed circulatory system
Nervous system
Including brain
Hermaphrodite sex
Molting
Insect,arachnids,crustaceans phylum
Arthropoda
Stats on Arthropoda
Largest phylum of animals 1 million species
Segmentation
Exoskeleton (chitin)
Jointed appendages
Sexual reproduction
Starfish, sea urchins, sand dollar, sea cucumbers phylum
Echinodermata
Stats on Echinodermata
Deuterostomes
Only marine species
Endoskeleton (from mesoderm)
Reproduction with separate sexes
asexual reproduction from regeneration
Nervous system
no brain
Water Vascular system
gas exchange
feeding
locomotion
Some non-vertebrates Vertebrates phylum
Chordata
Stats on Chordata
True endoskeleton
Notochord
flexible rod along back (cartilage-like)
Nerve cord
Pharyngeal pouches
Postanal tail
Stats on Vertebrates
Backbone
Distinct head
Stats on Fish
Gills
Vertebral column
Single-loop circulation
2 chamber heart
Cold-blooded
Must consume essential amino acids
3 major groups (types) of fish
Jawless
Cartilaginous
Bony fish
Stats jawless fish
No Jaw
no paired fins
Stats Cartilaginous fish
Paired fins
Scales
cartilage bones
Mostly predators
Internal fertilization
some live birth
Stats Bony fish
Largest group of vertebrates
Most fish
Ossified bones
Swim bladder
Lateral line system
Stats on Amphibia
1st land vertebrates
cold-blooded
Metamorphosis
freshwater for young (exterior gills)
Water or land for adults
lungs
skin respiration
3-chambered heart for skin and lung resp.
limbs
When did amphibians transition to land
360 million years ago from lobe-fin fish
Stats on reptilia
aka Sauropsida
Cold-blooded
Scales
Amniotic Egg
3-Chambered heart
Lungs
no skin breathing
Sexual reproduction
When did reptiles arrive
315 million years ago
Stats on Aves
Feathers
Flight (most birds)
Bipedal
Warm-blooded
4 chamber heart
Hard shell amniotic eggs
Beak
Hollow bones
When did birds arrive
150-200 million years ago
Stats on Mammalia
Most Live birth
Monotremes lay eggs
Mammary Glands
Hair
Warm-blooded
4 chambered heart
Middle ear 3 bones (reptile jaw bones)
Stats Hominids
bipedalism 6-7 million years ago
Genus Homo 3-4 million years ago
Human species Homo sapiens 250-400,000
Language developed 50,000 years ago
Modern humans 40,000 years ago
