Chapter 14

Question 1

Variation

Answer 1

Wide variety in living organisms

Question 2

Acclimation

Answer 2

Temporary physiological changes to acclimate to the environment

Question 3

Adaptation

Answer 3

Lifelong permanent physiological characteristics

Question 4

Mutation

Answer 4

Has to translate to gametes, it is a change of genetic coding (DNA)

Question 5

Evolution

Answer 5

Change to genetic makeup of group over time. (Mutation, loss of alleles, gene variety.)

Question 6

Main mechanism of change

Answer 6

Natural Selection

Question 7

Who influenced Darwin

Answer 7

Malthus and Lyell

Question 8

Darwin’s ship and job on board

Answer 8

beagle and naturalist

Question 9

Who discovered evolution at the same time as darwin

Answer 9

Alfred Thomas 1858 joint papers

Question 10

Darwin’s points on natural selection

Answer 10

Environment affects living organisms
Some survive and reproduce others aren’t as effective
Characteristics of breeders pass to next generation.

Question 11

Darwin’s evidence

Answer 11

Finches developed different beaks depending on the types of seeds available

Question 12

Natural selection

Answer 12

Organisms with favored traits survive and reproduce (who is passing on the most copies of their genes)

Question 13

4 conditions necessary for natural selection

Answer 13

Variation in traits (gene pool)
Inherited traits (genetic)
Selective pressure
Reproductive sucess

Question 14

How often can selection pressures change

Answer 14

Continuously year after year

Question 15

4 main things used as evidence of evolution

Answer 15

Fossil record
Anatomy
Molecular record
Current experiments

Question 16

DNA and RNA sequencing are what types of records

Answer 16

Molecular

Question 17

Steps used to develop fossil records to track change

Answer 17

Carbon date
Place fossils in order of age
View change in fossils

Question 18

Same developmental origins different functions across groups

Answer 18

Homologous structures
(Look different but have similar structural parts)

Question 19

Different developmental origins but similar function

Answer 19

Analogous structures
Look the same but different structural make up

Question 20

Parts or features left over from ancestors but no longer function

Answer 20

Vestigial organs

Question 21

How do you check for genetic change in populations

Answer 21

Frequencies of alleles increasing or decreasing

Question 22

No genetic change happening (allele ratios)

Answer 22

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Question 23

Causes of evolution

Answer 23

Mutation
Migration
Non random mating
Genetic drift
Natural selection

Question 24

Selection that favors one side of the curve

Answer 24

Directional

Question 25

Selection that favors the middle of the curve

Answer 25

Stabilizing
Think birth weight of human babies

Question 26

Selection that favors the outside edges over middle of the curve

Answer 26

Disruptive

Question 27

Selection where humans drive what traits are favored

Answer 27

Artificial selection

Question 28

Natural selection act differently on several populations enough change can occur that the group can no longer reproduce amongst the different groups

Answer 28

Speciation

Question 29

A group of populations with individuals who can successfully mate and have viable and fertile offspring

Answer 29

Biological species

Question 30

Examples of prezygotic isolation

Answer 30

Geographical isolation
Ecological isolation
Temporal isolation
Behavioral isolation
Mechanical isolation
Gametic isolation

Question 31

Examples of postzygotic isolation

Answer 31

Hybrid inviability or infertility