Chapter 4

Question 1

Two types of electrons microscopes

Answer 1

Transmission (passing through)
Scanning (bounces off)

Question 2

Two cell types

Answer 2

Prokaryotic (prototype cells)
Eukaryotic (true cells)

Question 3

Cell wall function

Answer 3

(Found in plant cells and prokaryotic cells only)

Structure and support

Question 4

(Prokaryotic cell)
Where DNA is found

Answer 4

Nucleoid region
(Prokaryotic cell)
Where DNA is found

Question 5

Three shapes of bacteria

Answer 5

Rod
Spiral
Sphere

Question 6

Prokaryotic flagellum function

Answer 6

Movement and food collection

Question 7

Helps cell attach to substrates and aids in exchange of genetic information between cells

Answer 7

Function of prokaryotic pili

Question 8

Structural support , supports organelles and plays a role in cell movement

Answer 8

Cytoskeleton function

Question 9

Function of Flagella and Cillia

Answer 9

Motility Move fluids over surfaces cell movement

Question 10

Regulates what passes into and out of cell
(Lipid bilayer)

Answer 10

Plasma membrane function

Question 11

Matrix that contains the nucleus and other organelles

Answer 11

Cytoplasm

Question 12

Organelles in which energy is extracted from food during oxidative metabolism

Answer 12

Mitochondrion

Question 13

Control center
Directs protein synthesis and cell reproduction

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

Double membrane between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer 14

Nuclear envelope

Question 15

Opening embedded with proteins that regulates passage into and out of the nucleus

Answer 15

Nuclear pore

Question 16

Site where ribosome are produced

Answer 16

Nucleolus

Question 17

internal membranes that aids in the manufacture of carbohydrates and lipids

Answer 17

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

Internal membranes studded with ribosome that carry out protein synthesis

Answer 18

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

Vessicle that breaks down macromolecules and digest worn out cell components

Answer 19

Lysosome

Question 20

Vesicle that contains enzymes that carryout particular reactions such as detoxifying potentially harmful molecules

Answer 20

Peroxisome

Question 21

Small complexes of RNA and protein that are the sites of protein synthesis

Answer 21

Ribosome

Question 22

Collects packages and distributes molecules manufactured in the cell

Answer 22

Golgi complex

Question 23

Organelles containing thylakoids the site of photosynthesis

Answer 23

Chloroplast

Question 24

Plasmodesmata

Answer 24

Openings in cell wall that function in cell to cell communication

Question 25

Storage compartment for water sugars ions and pigments

Answer 25

Central vacuole

Question 26

Tonoplast

Answer 26

membrane surrounding the Central Vacuole

Question 27

Long thread of DNA containing hereditary information (genes)

Answer 27

Chromosome

Question 28

Hydrophobic

Answer 28

Repels water or won't mix with water

Question 29

Hydrophilic

Answer 29

Tendency to mix with water

Question 30

Phospholipid

Answer 30

fat like structure with two fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone Phosphate head fatty acid tails

Question 31

Endosymbiosis

Answer 31

Ancestral prokaryote cells engulfed other cells but did not digest them

Question 32

Complex assembly of microtubules and play a role in cell division

Answer 32

Centriole

Question 33

Tube of protein molecules present in cytoplasm, centrioles, cilia and flagella

Answer 33

Microtubule Tube of protein molecules present in cytoplasm, centrioles, cilia and flagella

Question 34

Protein fibers that provide support and strength

Answer 34

Intermediate filament

Question 35

Protein fibers that are responsible for cell movement

Answer 35

Actin filament

Question 36

Cell walls in fungi are made of

Answer 36

Chitin

Question 37

Middle lamella

Answer 37

Cement that holds cells together

Question 38

Move across membrane with no help

Answer 38

Simple diffusion

Question 39

Molecules of right size pass thru channel

Answer 39

Selective diffusion

Question 40

Water moves across the membrane down the gradient

Answer 40

Osmosis

Question 41

Molecules dissolved in a solution

Answer 41

Solute

Question 42

Requires carrier proteins Uses energy Move particles up the gradient

Answer 42

Active transport