Chapter 4 Flashcards
Two types of electrons microscopes
Transmission (passing through)
Scanning (bounces off)
Two cell types
Prokaryotic (prototype cells)
Eukaryotic (true cells)
Cell wall function
(Found in plant cells and prokaryotic cells only)
Structure and support
(Prokaryotic cell)
Where DNA is found
Nucleoid region
(Prokaryotic cell)
Where DNA is found
Three shapes of bacteria
Rod
Spiral
Sphere
Prokaryotic flagellum function
Movement and food collection
Helps cell attach to substrates and aids in exchange of genetic information between cells
Function of prokaryotic pili
Structural support , supports organelles and plays a role in cell movement
Cytoskeleton function
Function of Flagella and Cillia
Motility Move fluids over surfaces cell movement
Regulates what passes into and out of cell
(Lipid bilayer)
Plasma membrane function
Matrix that contains the nucleus and other organelles
Cytoplasm
Organelles in which energy is extracted from food during oxidative metabolism
Mitochondrion
Control center
Directs protein synthesis and cell reproduction
Nucleus
Double membrane between the nucleus and cytoplasm
Nuclear envelope
Opening embedded with proteins that regulates passage into and out of the nucleus
Nuclear pore
Site where ribosome are produced
Nucleolus
internal membranes that aids in the manufacture of carbohydrates and lipids
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Internal membranes studded with ribosome that carry out protein synthesis
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Vessicle that breaks down macromolecules and digest worn out cell components
Lysosome
Vesicle that contains enzymes that carryout particular reactions such as detoxifying potentially harmful molecules
Peroxisome
Small complexes of RNA and protein that are the sites of protein synthesis
Ribosome
Collects packages and distributes molecules manufactured in the cell
Golgi complex
Organelles containing thylakoids the site of photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Plasmodesmata
Openings in cell wall that function in cell to cell communication
Storage compartment for water sugars ions and pigments
Central vacuole
Tonoplast
membrane surrounding the Central Vacuole
Long thread of DNA containing hereditary information (genes)
Chromosome
Hydrophobic
Repels water or won’t mix with water
Hydrophilic
Tendency to mix with water
Phospholipid
fat like structure with two fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone
Phosphate head fatty acid tails
Endosymbiosis
Ancestral prokaryote cells engulfed other cells but did not digest them
Complex assembly of microtubules and play a role in cell division
Centriole
Tube of protein molecules present in cytoplasm, centrioles, cilia and flagella
Microtubule Tube of protein molecules present in cytoplasm, centrioles, cilia and flagella
Protein fibers that provide support and strength
Intermediate filament
Protein fibers that are responsible for cell movement
Actin filament
Cell walls in fungi are made of
Chitin
Middle lamella
Cement that holds cells together
Move across membrane with no help
Simple diffusion
Molecules of right size pass thru channel
Selective diffusion
Water moves across the membrane down the gradient
Osmosis
Molecules dissolved in a solution
Solute
Requires carrier proteins
Uses energy
Move particles up the gradient
Active transport
