Chapters 1&2: Internal Organs/Body Planes

Question 1

name the veins and arteries of the heart. (know that they branch off)

Answer 1

• aorta (red). 3 parts: ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta.
• superior vena cava (blue) - receives blood from upper limbs.
• inferior vena cava (blue). Carries blood back from the abdominal organs and lower limbs

Question 2

what divides the thorax and the abdomen?

Answer 2

the diaphragm

Question 3

describe the liver.

Answer 3

• sits mostly on the right side, most superior abdominal organ

Question 4

what does the esophagus inferiorly connect to?

Answer 4

the stomach. It passes through the diaphragm.

Question 5

name the organs of the GI tract in order and with function. where does all the blood from the GI tract pass through?

Answer 5

Stomach > small bowel > large bowel

Small Bowel
- begins with the “C” shaped duodenum
- to the jejunum
- to the ileum
*much of the nutrient absorption

Large Bowel
- ascending colon (right side)
- transverse colon (across)
- descending colon (left side)
- sigmoid colon (S shape) - from descending colon to rectal canal.
*absorbs water and leftover nutrients

*the liver

Question 6

describe the stomach and the location.

Answer 6

• left inferiorly snug to the liver
• superior to the pancreas

Question 7

describe the location and function of the pancreas

Answer 7

• inferiorly snug to the stomach, connects to the duodenum.
• makes hormones to steady blood glucose levels
• making pancreatic juice that secretes into duodenum

Question 8

describe the location of the duodenum

Answer 8

“C” shaped around the pancreas
- pancreas empties into the duodenum
- the first part of the small intestine

Question 9

describe the location and function of the spleen. where does the blood from the spleen flow into?

Answer 9

• lateral left side of the body
• component of immune system: stores red blood cells, platelets, lymphocytes…

blood passes from the spleen > liver via a blood vessel

Question 10

describe the location and function of the gallbladder

Answer 10

• inferiorly snug to the liver
• green in color
• secretes bile into the duodenum for aiding digestion

Question 11

describe the location and function of the kidneys. what glands sit superiorly?

Answer 11

• posterior to peritoneal
• large blood vessels
• powerful filter for fluids
  *fun fact, the left kidney is a little higher than the right because of the liver
• adrenal glands sit on top (nervous system hormones)