Chapter 6 - Bones & Bone Structure Flashcards
name the 3 sections of bone from outermost to innermost.
- Compact Bone
- Spongy bone
- Bone Marrow
bones are classified by their shape and structure. name the 6 shapes.
- Sutural
- Irregular
- Short
- Flat
- Long
- Sesamoid
what is a sutural bone? (Wormian bones)
- small, flat, oddly shaped bones found between the bones of the skull.
- they range in size from a grain of sand to a quarter
what is an irregular bone?
- the miscellaneous drawer of bones.
- anything that does not fit into the other categories: vertebrae, pelvis, some bones in the skull
what are short bones
- box-like: carpal (wrist) and tarsal (ankle) bones
what are flat bones?
- thin, parallel surface.
- roof of the skull, sternum, ribs, scapulae.
- provide protection for underlying soft tissue and offer surface area for muscle attachment
what are long bones?
- long and slender
- arm, forearm, thigh,
what are sesamoid bones?
- small, round, and flat
- found near the joints of the knees, hands, and feet: patellae
what are Projections? name the types of projections.
Projections for attaching muscles, tendons, or ligaments, at articulations with other bones
- *Process: like a bump
- *Condyle:
- *Ramus: kind of like a projection (eg. pubix and mandible
- Trochanter (only on femur)
- Crest (eg. outer pelvis)
- Spine (pointed process of pelvis)
- Line (low ridge, eg. inner pelvis)
- Tubercle (small rounded projection)
- Tuberosity (rough projection)
- Facet (small articular surface)
- Head
- Trochlea
Joint Projections: Process and Condyle - name and explain.
Process: a projection or prominence
Condyle: rounded articular projection of bone, articulates with a corresponding fossa
Ligament / Tendon Projections: Epicondyle, Trochanter, and Tuberosity. name and explain.
- Epicondyle: raised area on or above a condyle
- Trochanter: large projection on Femur
- Tuberosity: large rounded or roughened projection
what are openings? what are examples
- sinus - empty air chamber
- foramen - like a passage from one room to another, doorway.
- fissure - like a tunnel
- meatus - small fissure
- canal - very very very small fissure. passage of nerves.
what is a depression? name some examples
a valley or a dip, a groove. usually for nerves and muscles to pass along bone.
- sulcus - very small depression
- fossa - shallow depression
name the sections of long bones. what is the name of the line in between? what type of cartilage?
- epiphysis (most proximal and distal)
- metaphysis (sandwich the diaphysis)
- diaphysis (middle)
*epiphyseal line
*articular cartilage, or fibrous cartilage
just for fun… what is the name of the spongy bone in between compact bone layers of a flat bone?
- diploe
what are the cells of bone? describe each.
what are the branches or spider legs of mature cells called?
- osteogenic cell - mesenchymal stem cell > osteoblasts
- osteoblasts - immature cells that build bone (light color)
- osteocytes - mature cells that maintain matrix (dark color)
*canaliculi - osteoclasts - break down bone for recycling
what is the open network of spongy bone called?
trabeculae.
spongy bone does not have osteons like compact bone.
***PTH (parathyroid hormone) and calcitonin
- bone, intestine, and kidneys (slides 88-90)
- increase and decrease of calcium ion level in blood
name the parts of compact bone
- Haversian Canal
- Lacuna
- Lamella
- periosteum
- Sharpey’s fibers
- Osteocytes
- Osteons
- Osteoblasts
- Endosteum
name the canals.
- Volkmann’s cannal
- Haversian cannal
know lamella, lacunae, and canaliculi
- lamellae is the solid matrix
- lacunae is the spaces within the lamellae
- canaliculi are the branches of the osteocytes
know where the bone cells are located…
- osteoblasts near periosteum
- osteocytes in compact bone
- osteocytes and osteogenic (mesenchymal) cells in near endosteum
