Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton Flashcards
1
Q
name the bone.
A
Frontal bone
- “forehead”
2
Q
name the bone.
A
Parietal bone
3
Q
name the bone.
A
Temporal bone
4
Q
name the bone.
A
Occipital bone
5
Q
name the bone
A
sphenoid bone
- “wedge”
6
Q
name the bones in blue.
A
zygomatic bones
7
Q
name the bone in red.
A
maxilla bones
8
Q
name the bone in green.
A
mandible bone
9
Q
name the bone in yellow.
A
nasal bones.
10
Q
name the bone.
A
Ethmoid bone
- “strainer”
11
Q
name the middle part of the cribriform plate.
A
Crista Galli
- “crest of the rooster”
12
Q
name the part of the bone.
A
sela turcica
- “turkish saddle”
- where the pituitary gland sits
13
Q
name the opening.
A
Foramen magnum
14
Q
name the suture.
A
lambdoid suture
15
Q
name the suture
A
coronal suture
16
Q
name the suture.
A
sagittal suture
17
Q
name the suture
A
squamous suture
18
Q
axial skeleton vs. appendicular skeleton
A
- Axial: bones of head and trunk, longitudinal axis of body. Does not include pelvis! The skull, spine, and ribcage.
- Appendicular skeleton: pelvis and limbs
19
Q
the axial skeleton can be divided into 3 branches. what are these branches and the branches of the branches. be specific.
A
- Skull & Associated Bones
- skull: cranium & face
- associated bones: auditory ossicles and hyoid - Thoracic Cage:
- sternum
- ribs - Vertebral Column
- vertebrae
- sacrum
- coccyx
20
Q
how many vertebrae do you have?
how many ribs do you have?
A
24 vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx
24 ribs (or 12 pairs)
21
Q
what is the function of the axial skeleton?
A
- support and protect organs in body cavities
- provides point of attachment for muscles (movement, breathing, stability)
22
Q
The skull contains 8 Cranial bones and 14 Facial bones. name the 8 Cranial bones. some are pairs…
A
- Occipital bone
- Parietal bones (2)
- Frontal Bone
- Temporal Bones (2)
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
23
Q
The skull contains 8 Cranial bones and 14 Facial bones. name the 14 facial bones. all are pairs except two…
A
- maxillae (2)
- palatine bones (2)
- nasal bones (2)
- inferior nasal conchae (2)
- zygomatic bones (2)
- lacrimal bones (2)
- vomer
- mandible
24
Q
what is the function of cranial bones?
A
- enclose the cranial cavity, contain the brain
25
what is the function of facial bones?
- protect and support entrances to digestive and respiratory tracts
26
name the associated bones of the skull. 2 branches...
- hyoid
- auditory ossicles
27
name the 3 sections of bone from outermost to innermost.
1. Compact Bone
2. Spongy bone
3. Bone Marrow
28
bones are classified aby their shape and structure. name the 6 shapes.
- Sutural
- Irregular
- Short
- Flat
- Long
- Sesamoid
29
what is a sutural bone? (Wormian bones)
- small, flat, oddly shaped bones found between the bones of the skull.
- they range in size from a grain of sand to a quarter
30
what is an irregular bone?
- the miscellaneous drawer of bones.
- anything that does not fit into the other categories: vertebrae, pelvis, some bones in the skull
31
what are short bones
- box-like: carpal (wrist) and tarsal (ankle) bones
32
what are flat bones?
- thin, parallel surface.
- roof of the skull, sternum, ribs, scapulae.
- provide protection for underlying soft tissue and offer surface area for muscle attachment
33
what are long bones?
- long and slender
- arm, forearm, thigh,
34
what are sesamoid bones?
- small, round, and flat
- found near the joints of the knees, hands, and feet: patellae
35
what are Projections? name the types of projections.
Projections for attaching muscles, tendons, or ligaments, at articulations with other bones
- *Process: like a bump
- *Condyle:
- *Ramus: kind of like a projection (eg. pubix and mandible
- Trochanter (only on femur)
- Crest (eg. outer pelvis)
- Spine (pointed process of pelvis)
- Line (low ridge, eg. inner pelvis)
- Tubercle (small rounded projection)
- Tuberosity (rough projection)
- Facet
- Head
36
Joint Projections: Process and Condyle - name and explain.
Process: a projection or prominence
Condyle: rounded articular projection of bone, articulates with a corresponding fossa
37
Ligament / Tendon Projections: Epicondyle, Trochanter, and Tuberosity. name and explain.
- Epicondyle: raised area on or above a condyle
- Trochanter: large projection on Femur
- Tuberosity: large rounded or roughened projection
38
Depressions: Fossa & Sulcus
Also for the passage of nerves and blood vessels.
- Fossa: shallow depression
- Sulcus: narrow groove
39
Openings: Foramen, Fissure, Meatus, Canal. name and explain.
Cavities that indent the bone for passage of blood vessels and nerves.
- Foramen: round or oval opening, often for blood vessels or nerves. Like a doorway from one room to the next
- Fissure: like a tunnel
- Meatus: like a small fissure
- Canal: like a very very very small fissure, passage of nerves.
40
name the opening.
external acoustic meatus
41
name the process.
zygomatic process of temporal bone
42
name the process.
mastoid process
43
name the process.
styloid process
44
name the opening.
internal acoustic meatus
- does not pass through the skull. It is a tunnel with only one side open. nerves pass through, collect information, then send info back.
45
name the parts of the bone.
lesser wings of the sphenoid bone.
46
name the parts of the bone.
greater wings of the sphenoid bone.
47
name the parts of the bone. (looking posteriorly at the bone)
pterygoid process
48
name the opening.
optic canal
- part of the sphenoid bone
- very medical and anterior
- optic nerve passes through
49
name opening number 2.
superior orbital fissure
- for lots of nerves and muscles for eye movement
50
name opening number 3.
inferior orbital fissure
51
name the depression.
mandibular fossa
52
name the depression. what is the process that it pairs with?
Mandibular fossa. pairs with the condylar process of mandible
53
name the superior part of the septum. Hint... it's part of a larger bone. what bone does it pair with?
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. Pairs with the vomer.
54
name #7
middle conchae
55
name the inferior bone of the septum
vomer
56
name #9
inferior nasal conchae
57
name the part of the ethmoid bone.
cribriform plate, cribriform foramina
58
name the opening.
foramen rotundum
- nice and round.
- supplies nerves to the maxilla
59
name the opening
foramen ovale
- oval shaped
- drops nerves down to the mandible
60
name the inferior opening
foramen spinosum
- similar functions to foramen ovale
61
name the opening.
foramen lacerum
- really a joint, filled with cartilage in real life
62
name the opening.
carotid canal
63
name the opening.
jugular foramen
- the vagus nerve and other cranial nerves pass through
64
name the opening.
foramen magnum
65
name the projections.
occipital condyles. they pair with the fossa of .....
66
name the facial foramen.
- supraorbital foramen
- infraorbital foramen
- mental foramen
67
what is the name of #3?
coronoid process of mandible
68
name the bone.
palatine bone
69
name the posterior body of the mandible
ramus
70
name the bone.
hyoid bone
71
name the sections of vertebrae and their numbers.
- cervical (7)
- thoracic (12)
- lumbar (5)
- sacrum (5 fused)
- coccyx (3-4 fused)
72
name and describe c1 and c2.
Atlas (c1) (yes)
Axis (c2) (no)
- dens, vertebral foramen, transverse foramen, transverse process
73
name the differences between vertebrae.
Cervical
- bifid spinous process
- smaller body
- has transverse foramen
- triangle shape vertebral foramen
Thoracic
- heart shaped
- medium size body
- no transverse foramen
- oval vertebral foramen
- slender spinous process
Lumbar
- large body
- chunky processes
74
name the parts of the ribcage
1. True ribs (1-7)
2. False ribs (8-10)
3. Floating ribs (11 & 12)
4. Manubrium
5. Body
6. Xiphoid process
75
just for fun... this is how the ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae
76
name the parts of the scapula
- acromion process
- coracoid process (or "crow's beak"). with a "c".
- spine
- glenoid fossa (for the glenohumeral joint)
- scapular notch
- superior, medial, and lateral borders
- superior, lateral, and inferior angles
- supraspinous fossa
- infraspinous fossa
- subscapular fossa (anterior side)
* "acro" means summit, or highest point. the acromion is the highest point of the shoulder.
77
name the ends of the clavicle
- acromion end
- sternal end
* "acro" means summit, or highest point. the acromion is the highest point of the shoulder.
78
name the parts of the humerus
- greater tubercle
- lesser tubercle
- intertubercular groove
- trochlea (means "pulley) - it's a segment
- capitulum (means "head") - the smooth, round shape forms an articulation with the radial head for pronation and supination.
- medial epicondyle
- lateral epicondyle
- olecranon fossa (posterior)
- coronoid fossa (anterior) - notice the spelling, with an N!
- radial notch
79
name the parts of the radius and ulna. what is the name of the membrane in-between bones?
- olecranon process
- trochlear notch
- head of radius
- neck of radius
- radial tuberosity
- ulna
- radius
- head of ulna
- styloid process of ulna
- styloid process of radius
*interosseous membrane
80
describe the parts of the bone.
- olecranon process
- trochlear notch
- coronoid process
81
what are the elbow articulations?
- olecranon process and the olecranon fossa
- coronoid process and coronoid fossa
- trochlear notch and the trochlea
- head of the radius and the capitulum
82
name the bones of the hand. remember the singular and plural forms!
how is the hand numbered?
- carpals
- metacarpals
- phalanges (plural)
- proximal phalanx
- middle phalanx
- distal phalanx
*numbered 1-5 beginning with the pollex
83
name the 3 bones of the pelvic girdle.
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
84
name the areas of the pelvis.
(watch a video)
- greater sciatic notch
- acetabulum
- iliac crest
- ischial spine
- ischial tuberosity
- obturator foramen
- pubis symphysis
85
name the parts of the femur.
- head of the femur
- neck of the femur
- greater trochanter (superior, lateral)
- lesser trochanter (inferior, posterior, medial)
- lateral condyle
- medial condyle
- medial and lateral epicondyles
- patellar surface (anterior)
- intercondylar fossa (posterior)
86
what bone is this?
patella
87
name the bones and the distal projections.
-tibia
- fibula
- medial tibial condyle
- lateral tibial condyle
- articulating surafaces
- medial malleolus (tibia)
- lateral malleolus (fibula)
88
name the parts of the foot. how is the foot numbered?
- calcaneus
- talus
- tarsals
- metatarsals
- phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal)
*numbered 1-5 beginning with the hallux.
89
name the opening.
obturator foramen
90
name the depression.
acetabulum
91
name the area.
sciatic notch
92
name the area
pelvic inlet
93
name the projection (looking posteriorly).
ischial spine
94
name the projection
ischial tuberosity
95
what is the name of #1?
vertebral arch
96
what is the name of #2?
pedicles
