Chapter 5 - Integumentary System

Question 1

what is the function of the integument?
what are the 2 components?

Answer 1

protection, maintain body temperature, melanin, keratin, storage of energy, receptors, coordination of immune response
*skin synthesizes Vitamin D3

cutaneous membrane & accessory structures

Question 2

what are the different skins of the epidermis? where are these found?

Answer 2

• thick skin - 4 layers, palms and soles of feet. *includes lucidum
• thin skin - 5 layers.

Question 3

what are the layers of thick skin from superficial to deep? describe each stratum.
how long does it take cells to move from base layer to top layer?

Answer 3

Come, Let’s Get Sun Burned

*each has “stratum” before name.
1. Corneum - “horny”, made of sheets of dead keratinocyte cells, basic protection
2. Lucidum - “glassy”, (only in thick skin)
3. Granulosum - “grainy”, living keratinocytes, looks grainy since these cells are being compressed and pushed outwards
4. Spinosum - “spiney”, cells look prickly when dehydrated, contain filaments which hold them to each other
5. Basale - creates cells for upper layers. Includes the tactile cells for sensing pressure, pain, temperature. Basale layer connects to the mountain range of the epidermal ridge, which makes fingerprints

*7-10 days from basale to corneum

Question 4

what are the specific cells of the integument?

Answer 4

• melanocytes, keratinocytes, tactile cells

Question 5

what are the 2 cutaneous membrane components of the dermis?

Answer 5

• papillary layer (outer) - mountain ridges called “dermal papillae”. made of areolar tissue. contains capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and sensory neurons
• deep reticular layer - contains collagen and elastic fibers, and all cells of connective tissue Proper

Question 6

what are tension lines?

Answer 6

• like wrinkles and palm lines
• produced by parallel bundles of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis

Question 7

what are the two kinds of sensory receptors for light and deep pressure?

Answer 7

• tactile cells (or Meissner) - for light touch. look like tulips close to epidermis.
• lamellar cells (or Pacinian) - for deep pressure. they’re “laminated”, look like green bulbs in hypodermis

Question 8

what is the hypodermis (or subcutaneous) layer mostly made of?

Answer 8

adipose tissue

Question 9

what is the pigment produced by melanocytes?

Answer 9

melanin

Question 10

what vitamin does the body produce form the sun? what are the organs involved?

Answer 10

Vitamin D3. produced by epidermal cells in presence of UV radiation > liver and kidneys convert D3 into calcitriol, which is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphate for bones.

Question 11

what are the parts of the hair?

Answer 11

• arrector pili muscle (for goosebumps)
• hair root - anchor to skin
• hair shaft - out of skin
• sebaceous gland is snug to the shaft
• medula - core
• cortex - intermediate layer
• cuticle - surface layer

Question 12

what are the glands of the skin? describe each

Answer 12

1. sebaceous glands - glands that secrete oil into hair follicles
2. sweat glands:
   
   • apocrine - stinky, pheromones (it’s APPalling). larger gland, yellow on model.
   • eccrine - water, salt. smaller coiled gland, white on model.
3. mammary glands - produce milk
4. ceruminous glands - produce earwax

Question 13

following an injury, what is the process of repair?

Answer 13

• Inflammation → activates basal cells (stem cells) → cells migrate to cut. Will form new epithelial tissue of collagen under the cut = scar

*fibrosis?