Chapter7- Organisation And Management

Question 1

Organisational structure

Answer 1

Levels of management and the divisions of responsibilities within an organisation

Question 2

Organisational chart

Answer 2

Diagram that outlines internal management structure

Question 3

Hierarchy

Answer 3

Levels of management in any organisatio from highest to lowest

Question 4

Levels of hierarchy

Answer 4

Managers/supervisors/other employees who are given a similar level of responsibilities in an organisation

Question 5

What is a chain of command

Answer 5

Structure in an organisation that allows instructions to be passed down from senior management to lower levels of management

Question 6

What are the advantages of an organisational chart (2)

Answer 6

Shows how everyone in the organisation is connected and makes the employees aware of the communication channel that is used to reach them with messages and instruction. Shows who they are accountable to and who they have power over.
Gives a sense of belonging

Question 7

Span of control

Answer 7

Number of subordinates working directly under a manager

Question 8

What does a business lack without management (4)

Answer 8

Sense of control
Coordination between departments(waste of efforts)
Comntrol of employees
Organisation of resources(low output+sales)

Question 9

What are the functions of management(very brief explanation)

Answer 9

Planning-setting aims and preparing resources to achieve them
Organising-delegationg responsibilities and distributing resources
Commanding-clear instructions+guidance to ensure tasks are being effectively carried out
Controlling-make sure people are doing their jobs and correct their short-comings

Question 10

What are the advantages of short chains of command (3)

Answer 10

Quicker and more accurate information
Top less managers are less remote from the lover levels o the hierarchy
Spans of control are wider-encourages managers to delegate and may give the workers job satisfactionas they have less direct control over them

Question 11

What is the disadvantage for wide spans of control

Answer 11

Harder to keep track of subordinates.

Question 12

What is delegation

Answer 12

Giving a subordinate the authority to perform particular tasts(not the responsibility)

Question 13

Importance of good managers (5)

Answer 13

Motivate employees
Give gudance and advice
Inspire
Manage resources and costs
Increase profit

Question 14

Trade union

Answer 14

Group of employees who have joined together to ensure their interests are protected

Question 15

Directors

Answer 15

Senior managers who lead a particular department/division of a business

Question 16

Line managers

Answer 16

Have a direct responsibility for people below them in the hierarchy of an organisation

Question 17

Supervisors

Answer 17

Junior managers who have direct control over the employees below them in the organisational structure

Question 18

Staff managers

Answer 18

Specialists who provide support, information and assistance to line managers

Question 19

What a business without management lacks (4)

Answer 19

Sense of control + direction
Coordination between departments (wasted effort)
Control of employees
Organisation of resources (low output and sales)

Question 20

Advantages of delegation to manager (3)

Answer 20

Allows time to focus on other important management functions
Less likely to make mistakes if subordinates help with some of the tasks
Can measure success of staff

Question 21

Advantages of delegation for subordinate (3)

Answer 21

Work becomes more interesting + rewarding
Employee feels more important + trusted
Gives career, training and progress opportunities

Question 22

Why a manager may not delegate

Answer 22

Increasing trust of workers results in a reduction of direct control

Question 23

Leadership styles
List them as well (3)

Answer 23

Different approaches to dealing with people and making decisions when in a position of authority
Autocratic, democratic or laissez-faire

Question 24

Autocratic leadership

Answer 24

Where the manager expects to be in charge of the business and have their orders followed

Question 25

Advantage of autocratic (1)
Disadvantages of autocratic (1)

Answer 25

Quick decision making (for in a crisis)
Demotivating as there is no opportunity for employee input

Question 26

Democratic leadership
Advantage (1)
Disadvantage (1)

Answer 26

Gets other employees involved in the decision making process
-better decisions from consulting + motivating
-unpopular decisions can not effectively be made

Question 27

Laissez-faire leadership
Advantage
Disadvantage

Answer 27

Makes broad objectives of the business known to employees which are then left to make their own decisions and organise their own work
-Encourages employees to show creativity
-Inappropriate in organisations where consistent + clear decision ,asking structure is needed (customer service)

Question 28

Benefits to employees of being in a trade union (9)

Answer 28

Strength in numbers when negotiating with employers
Improved conditions of employment
Improved work environment
Improved benefits for people not working (sick/retired etc.)
Improved job satisfaction
Advice and financial support
Benefits that are available to members of the trade union (sport facilities/clubs etc.)
Trade unions meet with government officials
More secure employment when there is a closed shop

Question 29

Closed shop

Answer 29

When all employees must be a member of the same trade union

Question 30

Disadvantages to employees of being in a trade union (2)

Answer 30

Costs money to be a member
Workers may be required to take action even if they don’t agree

Question 31

Advantages for EMPLOYERS of trade unions (2)
Disadvantages for employers of trade unions (2)

Answer 31

Help improve communication between workers and management
Wage agreements will be easier to negotiate with trade union than with individual owners

Trade unions can organise strikes if they don’t their demands
Wages are likely to be higher (adds to business costs)