Chapter 18 Flashcards

Question

Batch production

Answer 1

Method of production where a quantity of one product is made, then a quantity of another item is produced

Answer 2

Mass production Method of production where large quantities of a product are produced in a continuous process

Answer 3

Most suitable for personal services/once-off products Product meets exact requirements of customer Workers have more varied jobs Workers will have increased motivation and satisfaction from varied work Flexible and a higher price can be charged (often used for high quality goods+services)

Answer 4

Skilled labour is used which raises costs Labour intensive which also raises costs Production often takes long Products made to order, errors are expensive to fix Higher costs as materials have to be specially purchased

Answer 5

Flexible way of working and production can be easily changed from one product to another Gives workers some variety to their jobs Allows a variety of products to be produced, giving consumers more options Production may not be heavily affected of machinery breaks down

Answer 6

Expensive as semi-finished products will need moving about to the next stage Machines have to be reset between production batches meaning there is a delay in production and output is lost Warehouse space will be needed for inventories which is costly

Answer 7

High output of standardised product Cost of making each item is low, meaning price is low Reduces labour costs and increases efficiency as it’s easy for capital intensive methods to be used Workers can specialise in specific repeated tasks, so the business will only require relatively unskilled workers (cheaper) Business may benefit from economies of scale in purchasing High sales due to low average costs and prices Automated production lines can operate 24 hours a day Time saved as there’s no need to move around the factory

Answer 8

Boring, little job satisfaction and motivation for employees Significant storage requirements and costs Capital costs of setting up production lines can be very high If one machine breaks down the whole line is halted

Answer 9

The nature of the product Size of the market Nature of demand Size of business

Answer 10

Productivity is greater as more efficient production methods are used, meaning lower average costs Greater job satisfaction for workers as the machines do the boring and repetitive tasks More skilled workers and thus training needed to operate the machinery which motivates workers+improves work quality More accurate production methods, leading to better quality products Increased profitability due to quicker communication and reduced paperwork Better and quicker decision making due to the information available to managers New high tech products are available due to new technology

Answer 11

Machines replace humans leading to unemployment Expensive to invest in new equipment + machinery Employees may be unhappy with the changes when new technology is introduced Technology is ever changing and a business needs to replace is to remain competitive

Answer 12

Where equipment is used in the factory controlled by a computer to carry out mechanical processes, only a few people are needed to ensure everything runs smoothly

Answer 13

Where production is done by machines but operated by humans

Answer 14

Computer Aided Design Computer software that draws items being designed more quickly and allows them to be rotated to be seen from all sides

Answer 15

Computer Aided Manufacturing Where computers monitor the production process and control machines/robots on the factory floor

Answer 16

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Total integration of CAD and CAM, computers that design the products are directly linked to the computers that aid in the manufacturing

Answer 17

Electronic payment methods and scanners at the tills EPOS - electronic point of sale (scanned and the database changed, reordered if necessary) EFTPOS - electronic funds transfer at point of sale ( Contactless payment - fast + easy