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GES 105 > Chapter2_Agricultural_Extension_Flashcards > Flashcards

Chapter2_Agricultural_Extension_Flashcards

1
Q

What is agricultural extension?

A

An informal educational process aimed at improving the standard of living of rural people through knowledge and skill transfer.

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2
Q

What is the main goal of agricultural extension?

A

To assist rural people in improving their farming methods and livelihoods through planned changes.

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3
Q

What is the scope of agricultural extension?

A

Includes teaching, counseling, research dissemination, and promoting the adoption of improved farming practices.

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4
Q

What is the role of an extension agent?

A

Acts as a communicator, advisor, educator, and link between research institutions and farmers.

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5
Q

What are the principles of agricultural extension?

A

Helping people help themselves, two-way communication, and programs based on local conditions and needs.

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6
Q

What is the meaning of ‘helping people to help themselves’ in extension?

A

Empowering farmers to solve their problems independently using knowledge and resources.

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7
Q

What is the role of communication in agricultural extension?

A

Facilitates the exchange of ideas, facts, and techniques to influence farmer behavior positively.

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8
Q

What are the types of communication methods in agricultural extension?

A

Individual contact, group contact, and mass media methods.

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9
Q

What is individual contact in extension?

A

Face-to-face interaction, such as farm visits, office calls, and informal conversations.

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10
Q

What are group contact methods in extension?

A

Engaging with groups through demonstrations, field trips, group discussions, and training.

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11
Q

What are mass media methods in extension?

A

Using radio, TV, newspapers, posters, and films to disseminate agricultural information to a large audience.

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12
Q

What is rural sociology?

A

The study of rural life, social structures, and relationships in agricultural communities.

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13
Q

Why is rural sociology important in agricultural extension?

A

It helps understand the social and cultural context of rural communities for effective program design.

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14
Q

What is the rural change process?

A

The process of planned or unplanned changes in rural communities to improve living conditions.

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15
Q

What is planned change in rural communities?

A

A deliberate effort to improve rural conditions through organized programs and interventions.

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16
Q

What is the significance of the social action process in extension?

A

Encourages collective efforts to address social problems and implement change in rural areas.

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17
Q

What are the stages of the social action process?

A

Inception of the idea, legitimization, diffusion, goal setting, mobilization, and execution.

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18
Q

What is the diffusion process?

A

The spread of new ideas or innovations from their source to ultimate users or adopters.

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19
Q

What is adoption in agricultural extension?

A

The decision by individuals to fully utilize and implement a new innovation or practice.

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20
Q

What is the adoption process?

A

The mental stages individuals go through from awareness of an innovation to its full use.

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21
Q

What are the stages of the adoption process?

A

Awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption.

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22
Q

What is the role of demonstrations in extension?

A

To show farmers how to use new techniques or practices effectively.

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23
Q

What is result demonstration?

A

An extension method that shows the benefits of adopting a particular practice or technology.

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24
Q

What is method demonstration?

A

Teaching farmers step-by-step procedures for implementing a specific practice.

25
Q

What is the role of leadership in rural development?

A

Empowers rural communities to organize and manage development initiatives effectively.

26
Q

What is the relationship between agricultural research and extension?

A

Research generates innovations, and extension disseminates them to farmers.

27
Q

What are the objectives of agricultural extension?

A

Improving agricultural productivity, raising living standards, and promoting rural development.

28
Q

What are the functions of agricultural extension?

A

Educating farmers, disseminating research findings, and addressing farming challenges.

29
Q

What is participatory extension?

A

Involving farmers in decision-making and program implementation to ensure relevance and success.

30
Q

What is the philosophy of agricultural extension?

A

Based on democracy, voluntary participation, and creating interest through practical experience.

31
Q

What is the significance of feedback in agricultural extension?

A

Helps researchers and extension agents refine practices and address farmer needs effectively.

32
Q

What is community-based extension?

A

An approach that focuses on mobilizing local communities to address agricultural challenges collectively.

33
Q

What is the role of women in agricultural extension?

A

They play a crucial role in disseminating information and implementing changes in family farming systems.

34
Q

What are some challenges in agricultural extension?

A

Lack of resources, poor infrastructure, limited training, and cultural barriers.

35
Q

What is the importance of education in extension?

A

Empowers farmers with the knowledge and skills needed for innovation and productivity.

36
Q

What is the role of NGOs in agricultural extension?

A

Provide funding, technical expertise, and support for extension programs in rural areas.

37
Q

What is farmer-to-farmer extension?

A

A model where experienced farmers share knowledge and skills with their peers.

38
Q

What are some tools used in extension education?

A

Charts, posters, audio-visual aids, and field guides.

39
Q

What is the importance of technology in extension?

A

Improves communication, access to information, and adoption of modern farming practices.

40
Q

What is the role of agricultural extension in food security?

A

Promotes practices that increase food production and reduce post-harvest losses.

41
Q

What is sustainable extension?

A

Promotes environmentally friendly practices and long-term agricultural productivity.

42
Q

What is the role of extension in disaster management?

A

Prepares farmers for natural disasters and provides support during recovery.

43
Q

What are the characteristics of a good extension agent?

A

Good communicator, knowledgeable, empathetic, and innovative.

44
Q

What is the role of extension in market access?

A

Helps farmers understand market demands and improve product quality.

45
Q

What is the importance of evaluation in extension programs?

A

Ensures programs meet objectives and address farmer needs effectively.

46
Q

What is farmer field school (FFS)?

A

A participatory approach where farmers learn by doing through group activities and experiments.

47
Q

What are the key principles of participatory rural appraisal (PRA)?

A

Engages communities in planning and decision-making through local knowledge and resources.

48
Q

What is the role of extension in climate-smart agriculture?

A

Promotes practices that adapt to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

49
Q

What is the importance of feedback loops in extension?

A

Facilitates continuous improvement of programs based on farmer input and outcomes.

50
Q

What are the benefits of extension services?

A

Improved productivity, increased income, and enhanced rural livelihoods.

51
Q

What is extension’s role in youth engagement?

A

Encourages young people to participate in agriculture through training and mentorship.

52
Q

What is the significance of farmer organizations in extension?

A

Provides collective bargaining, resource sharing, and peer learning opportunities.

53
Q

What is the difference between top-down and bottom-up extension approaches?

A

Top-down is directive, while bottom-up involves farmer participation and decision-making.

54
Q

What is the role of extension in post-harvest management?

A

Reduces losses and improves the value chain through better storage and processing techniques.

55
Q

What are some modern trends in agricultural extension?

A

Digital tools, mobile apps, and e-learning platforms for farmers.

56
Q

What is the role of policy in agricultural extension?

A

Guides the implementation of programs and ensures alignment with national development goals.

57
Q

What is the role of social media in extension?

A

Enhances communication, knowledge sharing, and farmer networking.

58
Q

What is the importance of field visits in extension?

A

Provides hands-on learning and fosters trust between farmers and extension agents.

GES 105 (10 decks)

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