Chapter2_Agricultural_Extension_Flashcards
What is agricultural extension?
An informal educational process aimed at improving the standard of living of rural people through knowledge and skill transfer.
What is the main goal of agricultural extension?
To assist rural people in improving their farming methods and livelihoods through planned changes.
What is the scope of agricultural extension?
Includes teaching, counseling, research dissemination, and promoting the adoption of improved farming practices.
What is the role of an extension agent?
Acts as a communicator, advisor, educator, and link between research institutions and farmers.
What are the principles of agricultural extension?
Helping people help themselves, two-way communication, and programs based on local conditions and needs.
What is the meaning of ‘helping people to help themselves’ in extension?
Empowering farmers to solve their problems independently using knowledge and resources.
What is the role of communication in agricultural extension?
Facilitates the exchange of ideas, facts, and techniques to influence farmer behavior positively.
What are the types of communication methods in agricultural extension?
Individual contact, group contact, and mass media methods.
What is individual contact in extension?
Face-to-face interaction, such as farm visits, office calls, and informal conversations.
What are group contact methods in extension?
Engaging with groups through demonstrations, field trips, group discussions, and training.
What are mass media methods in extension?
Using radio, TV, newspapers, posters, and films to disseminate agricultural information to a large audience.
What is rural sociology?
The study of rural life, social structures, and relationships in agricultural communities.
Why is rural sociology important in agricultural extension?
It helps understand the social and cultural context of rural communities for effective program design.
What is the rural change process?
The process of planned or unplanned changes in rural communities to improve living conditions.
What is planned change in rural communities?
A deliberate effort to improve rural conditions through organized programs and interventions.
What is the significance of the social action process in extension?
Encourages collective efforts to address social problems and implement change in rural areas.
What are the stages of the social action process?
Inception of the idea, legitimization, diffusion, goal setting, mobilization, and execution.
What is the diffusion process?
The spread of new ideas or innovations from their source to ultimate users or adopters.
What is adoption in agricultural extension?
The decision by individuals to fully utilize and implement a new innovation or practice.
What is the adoption process?
The mental stages individuals go through from awareness of an innovation to its full use.
What are the stages of the adoption process?
Awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption.
What is the role of demonstrations in extension?
To show farmers how to use new techniques or practices effectively.
What is result demonstration?
An extension method that shows the benefits of adopting a particular practice or technology.
What is method demonstration?
Teaching farmers step-by-step procedures for implementing a specific practice.
What is the role of leadership in rural development?
Empowers rural communities to organize and manage development initiatives effectively.
What is the relationship between agricultural research and extension?
Research generates innovations, and extension disseminates them to farmers.
What are the objectives of agricultural extension?
Improving agricultural productivity, raising living standards, and promoting rural development.
What are the functions of agricultural extension?
Educating farmers, disseminating research findings, and addressing farming challenges.
What is participatory extension?
Involving farmers in decision-making and program implementation to ensure relevance and success.
What is the philosophy of agricultural extension?
Based on democracy, voluntary participation, and creating interest through practical experience.
What is the significance of feedback in agricultural extension?
Helps researchers and extension agents refine practices and address farmer needs effectively.
What is community-based extension?
An approach that focuses on mobilizing local communities to address agricultural challenges collectively.
What is the role of women in agricultural extension?
They play a crucial role in disseminating information and implementing changes in family farming systems.
What are some challenges in agricultural extension?
Lack of resources, poor infrastructure, limited training, and cultural barriers.
What is the importance of education in extension?
Empowers farmers with the knowledge and skills needed for innovation and productivity.
What is the role of NGOs in agricultural extension?
Provide funding, technical expertise, and support for extension programs in rural areas.
What is farmer-to-farmer extension?
A model where experienced farmers share knowledge and skills with their peers.
What are some tools used in extension education?
Charts, posters, audio-visual aids, and field guides.
What is the importance of technology in extension?
Improves communication, access to information, and adoption of modern farming practices.
What is the role of agricultural extension in food security?
Promotes practices that increase food production and reduce post-harvest losses.
What is sustainable extension?
Promotes environmentally friendly practices and long-term agricultural productivity.
What is the role of extension in disaster management?
Prepares farmers for natural disasters and provides support during recovery.
What are the characteristics of a good extension agent?
Good communicator, knowledgeable, empathetic, and innovative.
What is the role of extension in market access?
Helps farmers understand market demands and improve product quality.
What is the importance of evaluation in extension programs?
Ensures programs meet objectives and address farmer needs effectively.
What is farmer field school (FFS)?
A participatory approach where farmers learn by doing through group activities and experiments.
What are the key principles of participatory rural appraisal (PRA)?
Engages communities in planning and decision-making through local knowledge and resources.
What is the role of extension in climate-smart agriculture?
Promotes practices that adapt to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
What is the importance of feedback loops in extension?
Facilitates continuous improvement of programs based on farmer input and outcomes.
What are the benefits of extension services?
Improved productivity, increased income, and enhanced rural livelihoods.
What is extension’s role in youth engagement?
Encourages young people to participate in agriculture through training and mentorship.
What is the significance of farmer organizations in extension?
Provides collective bargaining, resource sharing, and peer learning opportunities.
What is the difference between top-down and bottom-up extension approaches?
Top-down is directive, while bottom-up involves farmer participation and decision-making.
What is the role of extension in post-harvest management?
Reduces losses and improves the value chain through better storage and processing techniques.
What are some modern trends in agricultural extension?
Digital tools, mobile apps, and e-learning platforms for farmers.
What is the role of policy in agricultural extension?
Guides the implementation of programs and ensures alignment with national development goals.
What is the role of social media in extension?
Enhances communication, knowledge sharing, and farmer networking.
What is the importance of field visits in extension?
Provides hands-on learning and fosters trust between farmers and extension agents.
