Chap 8: Wildlife and Range Management

Question 1

What is wildlife management according to Giles (2000)?

Answer 1

The science and art of changing the characteristics and interactions of habitats wild animal populations and men in order to achieve human goals by means of the wildlife resource

Question 2

What does biodiversity refer to?

Answer 2

The total variability of living organisms on the planet defined in terms of genes species and ecosystems which are the outcome of over 3000 million years of evolution

Question 3

What is consumptive utilization?

Answer 3

The extraction of resources for the production of consumer goods and services including food skins/hides arts/crafts oils medicines live animal trades sport hunting and mineral exploitation

Question 4

What is non-consumptive utilization?

Answer 4

The provision of natural amenities and services for recreational use such as game viewing nature trails swimming boating and other recreational activities without extracting resources

Question 5

What are the three main national wildlife management policies in Nigeria?

Answer 5

1. Bush meat production to increase protein intake 2. Preservation of national heritage 3. Promotion of recreation and tourism

Question 6

What are the major problems militating against wildlife management in Nigeria?

Answer 6

1. Inadequate funding 2. Scarcity of trained manpower 3. Poaching/illegal hunting 4. Competition with land users 5. Lack of necessary equipment

Question 7

What is ecological extinction?

Answer 7

The reduction of a species to such low abundance that though still present in the community it no longer interacts significantly with other species

Question 8

What is the difference between extinction and extirpation?

Answer 8

Extinction means species is no longer existing while extirpation means species is not extinct but no longer occurring in a wild state

Question 9

What is sustainable use in wildlife management?

Answer 9

The rate of harvest within the capacity of species and their habitats to maintain them; can be either consumptive or non-consumptive

Question 10

What are the main objectives of game ranching?

Answer 10

To find suitable alternative species to conventional domestic animals that can better survive and utilize semi-arid habitats of Africa

Question 11

How does religion influence wildlife management?

Answer 11

Religion affects attitudes toward killing animals treatment of certain species as sacred or taboo and views on wildlife as God-given resources requiring stewardship

Question 12

What percentage of animal protein comes from wildlife in rural areas of Ghana?

Answer 12

65% of protein consumed in rural areas comes from wildlife according to FAO 1969

Question 13

What are the key values of wildlife?

Answer 13

Direct food source economic value (trade) ecological value (pollination seed dispersal) educational value cultural/religious value scientific research value

Question 14

What is ex-situ conservation?

Answer 14

Management of plants and animals removed from their normal habitat including zoos gene banks botanical gardens plant orchards

Question 15

What is in-situ conservation?

Answer 15

Management of wild populations in their adaptive environment including national parks game reserves forest reserves bird sanctuaries

Question 16

What factors affect wildlife population according to Happold (1987)?

Answer 16

Natality mortality weather predation parasites diseases competition

Question 17

What are the main methods for estimating wild animal abundance?

Answer 17

Ground surveys (total count sample plots) and aerial surveys (aircraft sampling satellite imagery GIS)

Question 18

What is game ranching?

Answer 18

An aspect of wildlife utilization where larger herbivores are tamed and managed like cattle goats and sheep under extensive management systems

Question 19

What health risks are associated with bushmeat consumption?

Answer 19

Exposure to zoonotic diseases like SIV (linked to HIV) Lassa fever from rodents exposure to environmental pollutants through the food chain

Question 20

What are the traditional laws for sustainable use of bio-systems according to Hagan?

Answer 20

Laws of exclusion selective extraction diversification of use regulation of exploitation communizing land use protection of special species

Question 21

What factors are considered when domesticating a wildlife species?

Answer 21

Cultural attitude religious acceptance social norms cost-benefit analysis ethological response (timid/aggressive) ecological parameters

Question 22

What is conservation according to the text?

Answer 22

Management of human use of the biosphere for sustainable benefit to present generations while maintaining potential for future generations including preservation maintenance and restoration

Question 23

What are the three main objectives of wildlife conservation?

Answer 23

1. Maintenance of essential processes and life support systems 2. Preservation of genetic diversity 3. Ensuring sustainable utilization of species and ecosystems

Question 24

What are the key methods for studying wildlife food habits?

Answer 24

Watching animals feed examining food after animal is killed raising animals in captivity direct observation

Question 25

When did formal wildlife conservation start in Nigeria?

Answer 25

Formal conservation started in 1916 with the Eastern Nigerian Government game law

Question 26

What is the importance of snail meat compared to other protein sources?

Answer 26

Snail meat contains 74% protein (dry weight) and higher percentages of amino acids like arginine and lysine than whole chicken eggs

Question 27

How do cultural traditions affect wildlife conservation?

Answer 27

Through taboos sacred groves restricted hunting seasons protection of certain species religious practices traditional enforcement methods

Question 28

What are the main causes of wildlife loss in Nigeria?

Answer 28

Foreign debt servicing leading to unsustainable resource use over-harvesting cultural practices harmful government policies lack of enforcement

Question 29

What equipment is needed for wildlife management?

Answer 29

Stethoscope binoculars GPS compass ranging-pole zoom lens camera data-sheets

Question 30

How does politics influence wildlife management?

Answer 30

Through legislation funding allocation community leadership roles security concerns recreational policies public opinion

Question 31

What is bushmeat and why is it important?

Answer 31

Meat from wild animals that provides 20-90% of animal protein in coastal West African regions especially where cattle cannot thrive