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GES 105 > Chap 6- Fishery Managemen > Flashcards

Chap 6- Fishery Managemen Flashcards

1
Q

What is fishery management?

A

The rational exploitation of aquatic resources in such a way that they are maintained on a sustainable yield basis

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2
Q

How does FAO define a fishery?

A

A fishery is defined by the people involved, species of fish, area of water/seabed, method of fishing, class of boats, purpose of activities, or a combination of these features

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3
Q

What are the two main categories of fish production in Nigeria?

A

Capture fishery and culture fishery

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4
Q

What is capture fishery?

A

The catching of fish from open water; more like hunting than stock raising

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5
Q

What is culture fishery?

A

The rearing of aquatic organisms in controlled or semi-controlled environments; also known as aquaculture

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6
Q

What are the three types of aquatic environments in Nigeria?

A

Marine, brackish, and freshwater environments

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7
Q

What distinguishes different aquatic environments?

A

Their level of salinity (saltiness)

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8
Q

What is the salinity level of marine water?

A

Greater than or equal to 35 parts per thousand

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9
Q

What is the salinity level of brackish water?

A

Between 1-34 parts per thousand

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10
Q

What is the salinity level of freshwater?

A

Less than 1 part per thousand

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11
Q

What is monoculture in fish farming?

A

The culture of a single species of fish

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12
Q

What is polyculture in fish farming?

A

The culture of more than one species of fish in a pond

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13
Q

What is integrated aquaculture?

A

The rearing of fish alongside other forms of agriculture, where resources are efficiently utilized and recycled

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14
Q

What is cage culture?

A

The rearing of fish in cages in open waters such as rivers lakes reservoirs and large ponds

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15
Q

What percentage of Earth’s surface is covered by marine ecosystems?

A

71% of Earth’s surface

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16
Q

What percentage of Earth’s surface is covered by freshwater ecosystems?

A

0.80% of Earth’s surface

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17
Q

What percentage of known fish species inhabit freshwater ecosystems?

A

41% of the world’s known fish species

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18
Q

What are the main advantages of integrated aquaculture?

A

Optimal resource utilization, higher return on investment, reduced production costs, and reduced environmental pollution

19
Q

What is the main disadvantage of monoculture?

A

If there is a disease outbreak the entire fish population can die

20
Q

What are the conditions for selecting a suitable aquaculture site?

A

Good quality water supply, water-retaining soil, gently sloping topography, free from pollution, accessible by road

21
Q

What are the conditions for selecting fish suitable for culture?

A

Must reproduce under culture conditions, be temperature tolerant, accept artificial feed, be disease resistant, be consumer-accepted, have fast growth rate

22
Q

What are external factors affecting fish growth?

A

Temperature, quantity and quality of food, water quality, necessary amount of space

23
Q

What are internal factors affecting fish growth?

A

Heredity, feed conversion ratio, resistance to diseases

24
Q

What are the major problems of aquaculture development in Nigeria?

A

Insufficient quality fish seed, inadequate genetically improved fish seed, inadequate cost-effective feed, faulty data collection, poor marketing structure, poaching

25
Q

What is the difference between passive and active fishing gears?

A

Passive gears remain fixed while fish move into them; active gears are moved about during operation to catch fish

26
Q

Name five examples of passive fishing gears

A

Traps, gill nets, drift nets, hooks and lines, trammel nets

27
Q

Name five examples of active fishing gears

A

Pole and lines, cast nets, clap nets, beach seine, drag nets, trawl nets

28
Q

What is fish processing?

A

Any modification to fish that changes texture, taste, and physical appearance to slow deterioration

29
Q

What are organoleptic characteristics in fish processing?

A

Flavor, taste, texture, and appearance

30
Q

What is fish preservation?

A

Maintaining fish in its fresh state without changes to texture, taste, or physical appearance

31
Q

List common fish preservation methods

A

Icing, freezing

32
Q

List common fish processing methods

A

Smoking, salting, canning, drying, frying, fish protein concentrate, fish meal, fish silage

33
Q

What percentage of Earth’s water is contained in marine ecosystems?

A

97% of the planet’s water

34
Q

Why is polyculture sometimes preferred over monoculture?

A

Better utilizes natural food in the pond as fish feed at different trophic levels, and fish are more resistant to disease outbreaks

35
Q

What are the main divisions of capture fishery?

A

Artisanal fishery (coastal and brackish water) and Industrial fishery (onshore and offshore)

36
Q

What are common examples of brackish water environments?

A

Estuaries and lagoons

37
Q

What are common examples of freshwater environments?

A

Lakes, rivers, streams, and springs

38
Q

What is the purpose of fisheries management according to FAO?

A

To ensure continued productivity of resources and accomplish fisheries objectives through information gathering, analysis, planning, consultation, and implementation of regulations

39
Q

Name three commonly cultivated catfish species in Nigeria

A

Clarias gariepinus, Heterobranchus bidorsalis, Heterobranchus longifilis

40
Q

What is the scientific name for Nile Tilapia?

A

Oreochromis niloticus

41
Q

What is the scientific name for African bony tongue fish?

A

Heterotis niloticus

42
Q

What is the scientific name for Giant River Prawn?

A

Macrobrachium macrobranchion

43
Q

Why should heavily wooded vegetation be avoided when constructing fish ponds?

A

To reduce cost of construction

44
Q

What are the key benefits of fishery to Nigeria’s economy?

A

Provides cheap protein source, employment opportunities, foreign exchange earnings, recreation opportunities, raw materials for food manufacturing

GES 105 (10 decks)

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