Chap 6- Fishery Managemen

Question 1

What is fishery management?

Answer 1

The rational exploitation of aquatic resources in such a way that they are maintained on a sustainable yield basis

Question 2

How does FAO define a fishery?

Answer 2

A fishery is defined by the people involved, species of fish, area of water/seabed, method of fishing, class of boats, purpose of activities, or a combination of these features

Question 3

What are the two main categories of fish production in Nigeria?

Answer 3

Capture fishery and culture fishery

Question 4

What is capture fishery?

Answer 4

The catching of fish from open water; more like hunting than stock raising

Question 5

What is culture fishery?

Answer 5

The rearing of aquatic organisms in controlled or semi-controlled environments; also known as aquaculture

Question 6

What are the three types of aquatic environments in Nigeria?

Answer 6

Marine, brackish, and freshwater environments

Question 7

What distinguishes different aquatic environments?

Answer 7

Their level of salinity (saltiness)

Question 8

What is the salinity level of marine water?

Answer 8

Greater than or equal to 35 parts per thousand

Question 9

What is the salinity level of brackish water?

Answer 9

Between 1-34 parts per thousand

Question 10

What is the salinity level of freshwater?

Answer 10

Less than 1 part per thousand

Question 11

What is monoculture in fish farming?

Answer 11

The culture of a single species of fish

Question 12

What is polyculture in fish farming?

Answer 12

The culture of more than one species of fish in a pond

Question 13

What is integrated aquaculture?

Answer 13

The rearing of fish alongside other forms of agriculture, where resources are efficiently utilized and recycled

Question 14

What is cage culture?

Answer 14

The rearing of fish in cages in open waters such as rivers lakes reservoirs and large ponds

Question 15

What percentage of Earth’s surface is covered by marine ecosystems?

Answer 15

71% of Earth’s surface

Question 16

What percentage of Earth’s surface is covered by freshwater ecosystems?

Answer 16

0.80% of Earth’s surface

Question 17

What percentage of known fish species inhabit freshwater ecosystems?

Answer 17

41% of the world’s known fish species

Question 18

What are the main advantages of integrated aquaculture?

Answer 18

Optimal resource utilization, higher return on investment, reduced production costs, and reduced environmental pollution

Question 19

What is the main disadvantage of monoculture?

Answer 19

If there is a disease outbreak the entire fish population can die

Question 20

What are the conditions for selecting a suitable aquaculture site?

Answer 20

Good quality water supply, water-retaining soil, gently sloping topography, free from pollution, accessible by road

Question 21

What are the conditions for selecting fish suitable for culture?

Answer 21

Must reproduce under culture conditions, be temperature tolerant, accept artificial feed, be disease resistant, be consumer-accepted, have fast growth rate

Question 22

What are external factors affecting fish growth?

Answer 22

Temperature, quantity and quality of food, water quality, necessary amount of space

Question 23

What are internal factors affecting fish growth?

Answer 23

Heredity, feed conversion ratio, resistance to diseases

Question 24

What are the major problems of aquaculture development in Nigeria?

Answer 24

Insufficient quality fish seed, inadequate genetically improved fish seed, inadequate cost-effective feed, faulty data collection, poor marketing structure, poaching

Question 25

What is the difference between passive and active fishing gears?

Answer 25

Passive gears remain fixed while fish move into them; active gears are moved about during operation to catch fish

Question 26

Name five examples of passive fishing gears

Answer 26

Traps, gill nets, drift nets, hooks and lines, trammel nets

Question 27

Name five examples of active fishing gears

Answer 27

Pole and lines, cast nets, clap nets, beach seine, drag nets, trawl nets

Question 28

What is fish processing?

Answer 28

Any modification to fish that changes texture, taste, and physical appearance to slow deterioration

Question 29

What are organoleptic characteristics in fish processing?

Answer 29

Flavor, taste, texture, and appearance

Question 30

What is fish preservation?

Answer 30

Maintaining fish in its fresh state without changes to texture, taste, or physical appearance

Question 31

List common fish preservation methods

Answer 31

Icing, freezing

Question 32

List common fish processing methods

Answer 32

Smoking, salting, canning, drying, frying, fish protein concentrate, fish meal, fish silage

Question 33

What percentage of Earth's water is contained in marine ecosystems?

Answer 33

97% of the planet's water

Question 34

Why is polyculture sometimes preferred over monoculture?

Answer 34

Better utilizes natural food in the pond as fish feed at different trophic levels, and fish are more resistant to disease outbreaks

Question 35

What are the main divisions of capture fishery?

Answer 35

Artisanal fishery (coastal and brackish water) and Industrial fishery (onshore and offshore)

Question 36

What are common examples of brackish water environments?

Answer 36

Estuaries and lagoons

Question 37

What are common examples of freshwater environments?

Answer 37

Lakes, rivers, streams, and springs

Question 38

What is the purpose of fisheries management according to FAO?

Answer 38

To ensure continued productivity of resources and accomplish fisheries objectives through information gathering, analysis, planning, consultation, and implementation of regulations

Question 39

Name three commonly cultivated catfish species in Nigeria

Answer 39

Clarias gariepinus, Heterobranchus bidorsalis, Heterobranchus longifilis

Question 40

What is the scientific name for Nile Tilapia?

Answer 40

Oreochromis niloticus

Question 41

What is the scientific name for African bony tongue fish?

Answer 41

Heterotis niloticus

Question 42

What is the scientific name for Giant River Prawn?

Answer 42

Macrobrachium macrobranchion

Question 43

Why should heavily wooded vegetation be avoided when constructing fish ponds?

Answer 43

To reduce cost of construction

Question 44

What are the key benefits of fishery to Nigeria's economy?

Answer 44

Provides cheap protein source, employment opportunities, foreign exchange earnings, recreation opportunities, raw materials for food manufacturing