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GES 105 > Chapter1_Agricultural_Development_Flashcards > Flashcards

Chapter1_Agricultural_Development_Flashcards

1
Q

What is agriculture?

A

Agriculture includes human activities involved in producing raw food and fiber commodities, encompassing farming, processing, transportation, storage, and marketing.

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2
Q

What are the primary roles of agriculture in economic development?

A

Providing food, raw materials, employment, foreign exchange, and contributing to the GDP.

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3
Q

What percentage of the GDP did agriculture contribute in 2002 in Nigeria?

A

Agriculture contributed about 41% to Nigeria’s GDP in 2002.

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4
Q

Why is local food production critical for Nigeria?

A

It ensures food security, reduces import dependency, and addresses foreign exchange constraints.

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5
Q

How does agriculture support industrial growth?

A

By supplying raw materials like cocoa, rubber, and oil-palm to agro-industries.

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6
Q

What are the main cash crops exported from Nigeria?

A

Cocoa, rubber, and oil-palm.

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7
Q

What is the Land Use Act of 1978?

A

A decree that vests land ownership in the state to make land more accessible for agricultural productivity.

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8
Q

What is land tenure?

A

The system governing the ownership, use, and allocation of land within a society.

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9
Q

What is the significance of the River Basin Development Authorities?

A

They manage water resources for irrigation and support agricultural productivity.

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10
Q

What is Operation Feed the Nation (OFN)?

A

A government program initiated in 1976 to increase food production and reduce food imports.

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11
Q

What are the impacts of rural-urban migration on agriculture?

A

Loss of young labor force, leaving an aging workforce and reducing productivity.

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12
Q

What are the constraints of the land tenure system in Nigeria?

A

Fragmentation of land, communal ownership, and limited access for enterprising farmers.

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13
Q

What is agricultural land conservation?

A

The sustainable use and management of land resources to ensure long-term productivity.

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14
Q

What are examples of stock resources?

A

Coal, petroleum, and metals, which are non-renewable resources.

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15
Q

What are flow resources in agriculture?

A

Resources like sunlight and water that are continuously available.

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16
Q

What is crop rotation?

A

A farming practice of alternating crops in the same field to maintain soil fertility and reduce pests.

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17
Q

What is the role of fertilizers in agriculture?

A

To replenish soil nutrients and enhance crop yields.

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18
Q

How does agriculture provide employment opportunities?

A

By employing a large portion of the population in farming, processing, and distribution.

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19
Q

What is the significance of rural development in agriculture?

A

Improves living standards and provides infrastructure like roads and electricity to rural communities.

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20
Q

What is the effect of inadequate infrastructure on agriculture?

A

It hinders transportation, storage, and access to markets, reducing productivity.

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21
Q

What are composite resources?

A

Resources with characteristics of both stock and flow, such as soil and man-made infrastructure.

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22
Q

What is the role of irrigation in agriculture?

A

Ensures consistent water supply for crops, especially in arid regions.

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23
Q

What are some traditional farming challenges?

A

Low productivity, manual labor reliance, and limited access to technology.

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24
Q

What is agroforestry?

A

The integration of trees and crops in farming to improve productivity and environmental sustainability.

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25
Q

How does deforestation impact agriculture?

A

Leads to loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and reduced rainfall.

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26
Q

What is the importance of pest control?

A

Prevents crop damage, reduces losses, and ensures higher yields.

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27
Q

What is the relationship between agriculture and food security?

A

Agriculture ensures a stable supply of affordable and nutritious food.

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28
Q

What is fallow rotation?

A

Allowing land to rest and regenerate nutrients by leaving it uncultivated for a period.

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29
Q

What is afforestation?

A

Planting trees to restore deforested land and improve environmental conditions.

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30
Q

How does soil erosion affect agriculture?

A

Reduces soil fertility and leads to lower crop yields.

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31
Q

What is integrated farming?

A

Combining crop and livestock production to optimize resource use and productivity.

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32
Q

What is the significance of agricultural research?

A

Develops new technologies and practices to improve productivity and sustainability.

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33
Q

What are the impacts of post-harvest losses?

A

Reduces farmers’ incomes and affects food availability.

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34
Q

How does agriculture support foreign exchange earnings?

A

Through the export of cash crops and other agricultural products.

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35
Q

What is the role of subsidies in agriculture?

A

Makes inputs like fertilizers and seeds affordable for small-scale farmers.

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36
Q

What is organic farming?

A

A method of farming that avoids synthetic inputs and focuses on natural processes.

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37
Q

What is the impact of population growth on agriculture?

A

Increases demand for food and puts pressure on land resources.

38
Q

What is sustainable agriculture?

A

Farming practices that meet current needs without compromising future generations.

39
Q

What are examples of non-agricultural land use?

A

Industrial development, urbanization, and mining.

40
Q

What is land fragmentation?

A

The division of land into smaller plots, often reducing productivity.

41
Q

What are the benefits of mechanized farming?

A

Increases efficiency, reduces labor, and boosts productivity.

42
Q

What is the impact of poor storage facilities?

A

Leads to spoilage and loss of harvested crops.

43
Q

What are agricultural inputs?

A

Materials like seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides used in farming.

44
Q

What is the significance of rural sociology in agriculture?

A

Helps understand rural communities to plan effective agricultural interventions.

45
Q

What is the importance of agricultural education?

A

Empowers farmers with knowledge and skills to improve productivity.

46
Q

What is the role of agricultural cooperatives?

A

Enables farmers to pool resources and access markets and inputs.

47
Q

What is the impact of climate change on agriculture?

A

Affects rainfall patterns, crop yields, and overall productivity.

48
Q

What are the principles of land conservation?

A

Protecting soil, preventing erosion, and maintaining fertility for future use.

49
Q

What is the role of agricultural extension services?

A

Provides farmers with knowledge and tools to improve productivity.

50
Q

What are cash crops?

A

Crops grown for sale rather than personal consumption, like cocoa and rubber.

51
Q

What is food self-sufficiency?

A

A nation’s ability to produce enough food for its population without relying on imports.

52
Q

What are the benefits of crop diversification?

A

Reduces risks, improves soil health, and increases income sources for farmers.

53
Q

What are some strategies to improve agricultural productivity?

A

Adopting modern techniques, providing credit, and improving infrastructure.

54
Q

What is mixed farming?

A

Combining crop and livestock farming on the same land for efficiency.

55
Q

What are some challenges of rain-fed agriculture?

A

Dependence on rainfall makes it vulnerable to climate variability.

56
Q

What is precision agriculture?

A

Using technology to optimize farming practices and increase efficiency.

57
Q

What are some benefits of backyard gardening?

A

Improves food security, provides fresh produce, and saves money.

58
Q

What is agricultural marketing?

A

The process of selling and distributing farm products to consumers.

59
Q

What is the role of agricultural policies?

A

To guide and support the development of the agricultural sector.

60
Q

What are agro-allied industries?

A

Industries that rely on agricultural products, like feed mills and beverage manufacturers.

61
Q

What is subsistence farming?

A

Farming to meet the food needs of the farmer’s family, with little surplus for sale.

62
Q

What is the significance of the Green Revolution?

A

Boosted agricultural production through modern inputs and techniques.

63
Q

What are some examples of renewable natural resources in agriculture?

A

Soil, water, forests, and biodiversity.

64
Q

What is the impact of globalization on agriculture?

A

Opens new markets but increases competition for local farmers.

65
Q

What is the role of public-private partnerships in agriculture?

A

Combines resources and expertise to improve agricultural outcomes.

66
Q

What are the benefits of value addition in agriculture?

A

Increases product worth, creates jobs, and boosts farmer income.

67
Q

What is agroecology?

A

An approach to farming that integrates ecological principles and social values.

68
Q

What are the environmental impacts of overgrazing?

A

Leads to soil degradation, loss of vegetation, and reduced biodiversity.

69
Q

What is the role of women in agriculture?

A

They contribute significantly to farming activities, especially in rural areas.

70
Q

What are some examples of emerging agricultural technologies?

A

Drones, precision farming tools, and genetically modified crops.

71
Q

What is land reclamation?

A

Restoring degraded or unused land for agricultural use.

72
Q

What are the benefits of crop-livestock integration?

A

Provides manure for crops and feed for livestock, enhancing productivity.

73
Q

What is the importance of water management in agriculture?

A

Ensures efficient use of water resources for irrigation and sustainability.

74
Q

What are the impacts of deforestation on water resources?

A

Reduces water availability and affects rainfall patterns.

75
Q

What is agricultural mechanization?

A

The use of machinery to perform agricultural tasks, increasing efficiency and output.

76
Q

What are the key elements of sustainable land use?

A

Balancing productivity, environmental health, and social equity.

77
Q

What are the challenges of small-scale farming?

A

Limited access to credit, markets, and modern technologies.

78
Q

What is the role of research in agricultural development?

A

Drives innovation, improves techniques, and addresses challenges.

79
Q

What is the impact of pests on crop production?

A

Significant crop losses and reduced farmer income.

80
Q

What are some examples of sustainable farming practices?

A

Crop rotation, organic farming, and integrated pest management.

81
Q

What are the benefits of local food production?

A

Enhances food security, reduces transportation costs, and supports local economies.

82
Q

What is the importance of biodiversity in agriculture?

A

Ensures resilience to pests, diseases, and environmental changes.

83
Q

What is the impact of land degradation on agriculture?

A

Reduces productivity, leading to lower food supply and income.

84
Q

What are the benefits of rural infrastructure development?

A

Improves market access, reduces post-harvest losses, and enhances productivity.

85
Q

What is the role of government subsidies in agriculture?

A

Supports farmers by reducing the cost of inputs like seeds and fertilizers.

86
Q

What are the main objectives of the Land Use Act?

A

Facilitating equitable land access and promoting efficient land use for agriculture.

87
Q

What are the components of an effective pest management system?

A

Monitoring, prevention, and control methods.

88
Q

What is the significance of agricultural trade?

A

Boosts economic growth, creates jobs, and earns foreign exchange.

89
Q

What are the challenges of large-scale farming?

A

High initial costs, need for technical expertise, and environmental concerns.

90
Q

What is the role of cooperatives in agricultural marketing?

A

Provides collective bargaining power and improves access to markets.

91
Q

What are the impacts of poor road infrastructure on agriculture?

A

Increases transportation costs and reduces farmers’ access to markets.

GES 105 (10 decks)

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