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GES 105 > Chap 10- ANIMAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE > Flashcards

Chap 10- ANIMAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of health according to Dorland Dictionary of Medical Science?

A

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being rather than mere absence of disease and infirmity

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2
Q

Why is animal health important from a disease transmission perspective?

A

Diseases of animals are transmissible to man (zoonotic diseases), including viral, bacterial, protozoan and parasitic diseases like rabies, cow pox, tuberculosis, brucellosis, trypanosomosis

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3
Q

Name three ways animals contribute to economic value.

A
  1. Source of income to owners 2. Foreign exchange for nations 3. Products like tusk, hide, skin, beef, milk, and poultry products
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4
Q

What role do companion animals play in human society?

A

They contribute to man’s social well-being, with dogs and cats being primary examples

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5
Q

Why are laboratory animals important in scientific research?

A

They are fundamental in scientific investigations and biomedical research, helping determine effects of synthetic foods and drugs before human trials

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6
Q

What are the main types of disease-causing factors in animals?

A

Infectious organisms, neoplasia (tumors), mechanical/thermal injuries, chemicals, metabolic diseases, digestive diseases, and congenital diseases

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7
Q

What are examples of infectious organisms that can cause animal diseases?

A

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and parasites (ecto, endo, and haemo-parasite)

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8
Q

How does nutrition affect animal health?

A

It maintains reproductive functions, boosts disease resistance, prevents deficiency syndromes, and maintains daily activities

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9
Q

What factors can hamper good dietary utilization in animals?

A

Conditions like diarrhea and obstructions, parasitic competition, and loss of appetite

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10
Q

How do religious taboos affect animal health in Nigeria?

A

In areas where religious beliefs prevent eating certain animals, disease outbreaks can be devastating as funds for interventions may be withheld

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11
Q

What are the main environmental factors that predispose animals to diseases?

A

Unhygienic animal houses, bushy environment, contaminated food and water, and faulty drinkers/feeders

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12
Q

What are normal signs of health in animal eyes?

A

Clear, bright and moist eyes

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13
Q

What are abnormal signs in animal mucous membranes?

A

They may be yellow, cyanotic, paper white, cherry or red in color (normal is pink)

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14
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate for horses?

A

8-12 breaths per minute in resting position

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15
Q

What is the normal body temperature range for dogs?

A

37.5-39°C

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16
Q

What are the signs of normal feces in healthy animals?

A

Well formed consistency, color depends on diet

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17
Q

How do disinfectants help in maintaining animal health?

A

They kill or prevent multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms through oxidizing agents, halogens, or reducing agents

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18
Q

What is the importance of regular grooming?

A

It ensures good aeration, blood circulation to skin, improves coat aesthetics, and eliminates debris and ectoparasites

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19
Q

What are neutrophils and their function?

A

They are inflammatory cells with short life spans that phagocytose harmful bacteria in tissue

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20
Q

What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

A

Active immunity results from infection recovery or vaccines, while passive immunity comes from mother’s antibodies through placenta or colostrum

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21
Q

What are the three types of vaccines?

A
  1. Attenuated vaccines (altered organisms)
  2. Inactivated vaccines (killed organisms)
  3. Toxoids (non-toxic bacterial exotoxins)
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22
Q

What is the function of the skin in animal immunity?

A

It’s the first line of defense, containing anti-microbial factors through sebaceous gland secretions with fatty acids and low pH

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23
Q

How do cilia in the respiratory system contribute to immunity?

A

They inhibit bacteria movement and expose them to inactivation by mucous secreted by global cells

24
Q

What is the role of body temperature in preventing disease?

A

Most animals maintain 37-39°C, which discourages growth of disease-causing organisms

25
Q

What are the two types of lymphocytes and their functions?

A

T-lymphocytes (thymus derived) and B-lymphocytes (bone marrow derived) - B-type produces antibodies against invading organisms

26
Q

What vaccine is used for cattle against anthrax?

A

Anthrax spore vaccine

27
Q

What causes Bluetongue in sheep?

A

Orbivirus

28
Q

What vaccine is used for Brucellosis in goats?

A

Brucella S19 vaccine

29
Q

What are common viral diseases in horses?

A

Equine infectious anemia, encephalomyelitis, influenza, rhinopneumonitis, rabies, Western Nile infection

30
Q

What vaccine is used for Newcastle disease in poultry?

A

HB, clone, lasota, komorov roakin, R2B

31
Q

How can you recognize signs of ill health in animal posture?

A

Walking with staggering gaits, limping, carrying limbs with discomfort, being last among flock, sleepy while standing

32
Q

What is the importance of colostrum for newborn animals?

A

It provides passive immunity to protect young ones within first few months until their own immune system develops

33
Q

What are the functions of monocytes?

A

They migrate into tissue to phagocytose bacteria or become macrophages effective against viruses, bacteria, protozoa

34
Q

How should animal houses be maintained for good health?

A

Through washing, disinfections, flaming of equipment, thorough cleaning of feeders and drinkers

35
Q

What is the purpose of monitoring estrus cycles?

A

To enable timely provision of proven sire for mating and ensure appropriate care during pregnancy/delivery

36
Q

What causes Rift Valley Fever?

A

Virus in Bunyanviridea family

37
Q

What vaccine is used for tetanus in horses?

A

Tetanus toxoid

38
Q

Name three common protozoan diseases in dogs.

A

Toxoplasmosis, Giardiasis, Hepatozoonosis

39
Q

What causes Marek’s disease in poultry?

A

Lymphotropic herpesvirus

40
Q

What are signs of abnormal urination in animals?

A

Urinating with obvious signs of discomfort, red or deep yellow urine with bloodstain

41
Q

How do mechanical barriers protect against disease?

A

Through intact skin, flushing action of tears/saliva/urine, cilia movement, sneezing/cough reflex

42
Q

What is the DHLPP vaccine used for in dogs?

A

Protects against distemper, hepatitis, leptospirosis, parvovirus, parainfluenza

43
Q

What causes lumpy skin disease in cattle?

A

Poxvirus (Neethling)

44
Q

What is the normal temperature range for pigs?

A

37.5-39.0°C

45
Q

How does nutrition affect animal immunity?

A

Through balanced diet that boosts immune system and prevents deficiency syndromes

46
Q

What causes fowl cholera?

A

Pasteurella multocida

47
Q

What are signs of reproductive health problems?

A

Not cycling at all, inability to become pregnant after mating

48
Q

What causes blackquarter in cattle?

A

Clostridium chauvoei

49
Q

How do lymphocytes provide immunity?

A

By recognizing invading microorganisms and producing antibodies through B-cells

50
Q

What causes strangles in horses?

A

Streptococcus equi

51
Q

What are common bacterial diseases in poultry?

A

Pullorum disease, fowl typhoid, paratyphoid infection, coryza, fowl cholera

52
Q

What is the importance of vaccination timing?

A

It ensures proper immune response and protection against specific diseases

53
Q

How do parasites affect animal nutrition?

A

Through competition for nutrients, causing diarrhea, and reducing appetite

54
Q

What causes botulism in cattle?

A

Clostridium botulinum type C and D

55
Q

What is the significance of monitoring body temperature in animals?

A

It helps detect fever or hypothermia, indicating possible health issues

GES 105 (10 decks)

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