Chap 9- PRINCIPLES OF LIVESTOCK, FISHERIES DISEASE PREVENTION, CONTROL AND PUBLIC HEALTH Flashcards
What is the definition of disease?
Any structural or functional deviation from the normal in the system of an animal
Define communicable disease
An illness due to a specific infectious agent or its toxic products which can be transmitted from an infected host to a susceptible host either directly or indirectly
What is an allergen?
A specific substance that causes hypersensitivity (allergy) when inhaled or contacted with the body (e.g. hay pollen dog/cat hair particles horse/cow/sheep dandruff)
What is the communicable period?
The time during which an infectious agent may be transferred from an infected individual to another person/animal
Define incubation period
The period between contacting a disease agent and the time the disease shows itself clinically
What is epizootiology?
The study of the occurrence and spread of disease in populations in order to control it
What is case fatality rate?
The number of people that died per 100 cases of a disease
Define carrier in disease context
An infected individual that harbors a specific infectious agent without showing clinical disease and serves as a potential source of infection
What is an antigen?
A substance capable of inducing specific immune response (e.g. Yellow fever vaccine)
What are fomites?
Inanimate objects or personal articles that can transmit infectious agents (e.g. handkerchief drinking glass clothing toys)
Define isolation in disease control
The separation of infected persons/animals from others during the communicable period to prevent disease transmission
What is cyclicity in disease patterns?
Seasonal recurrent alterations in disease frequency implying a link between disease cause and seasonal aspects
What is etiology?
The study of the causes of a disease
Define prognosis
The outlook regarding the outcome of an illness (e.g. complete recovery partial recovery or death)
What is a pathogenic agent?
An agent usually infectious that is capable of causing disease
What is herd immunity?
The resistance of a group to invasion/spread of an infectious agent based on high proportion of immune individual members
Define complete quarantine
Limitation of movement for exposed persons/animals for duration not longer than the longest incubation period of the disease
What is prophylaxis?
Prevention or preventive actions taken prior to the onset of disease
Define chemotherapy in disease context
The use of chemicals to cure a clinically recognizable infectious disease or limit its progress
What is chemoprophylaxis?
Administration of chemicals including antibiotics to prevent infection development or progression
Define infestation
The lodgement development and reproduction of arthropods on body surface or clothing
What is an immune individual?
A person/animal with specific protective antibodies/cellular immunity from previous infection or immunization
What is disease prevention?
The application of measures to exclude diseases from an unaffected population (first line of defense)
What is disease control?
Measures directed at reducing existing disease frequency to a level without significant public health/economic consequences