Chapter Two

Question 1

The centuries long drive to expel Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula undertaken by the Christian kingdoms of Spain and Portugal. Helped Portuguese gain access to sea routes

Answer 1

Reconquest

Question 2

A disease that killed 1/3 of the European population

Answer 2

The Black Death

Question 3

Pact negotiated in 1494 to delineate the claims in the New World it drew an imaginary line of west of the Canary Islands. West- Spain East-Portugal

Answer 3

Treaty of Tordesillas

Question 4

Indian uprising against the Spanish in 1599. It was violently suppressed by Juan de Onate, but the Indians revolted again later that year, after many Spanish settlers returned to Mexico

Answer 4

Acoma Pueblo Revolt

Question 5

Children born in the New World to Spanish parents

Answer 5

Creoles

Question 6

Under the control of the Emperor Atahualpa this region stretched across the western coast of South America and contained nine million people with lots of gold and silver

Answer 6

Incan Empire

Question 7

The transatlantic exchange of goods, people, and ideas that began when the Spanish arrived in the Caribbean, ending the age-old separation of the hemispheres.

Answer 7

Colombian Exchange

Question 8

A system for governing used during the Reconquest and in New Spain. It allowed a town’s Spanish”owner” to collect tribute from the town in return for providing law and order and encouraging”his”Indians to convert to Christianity

Answer 8

Encomienda

Question 9

Term referring to the Spanish explorers and soldiers who conquered lands in the New World

Answer 9

Conquistador

Question 10

Land in the New World held by the Spanish crown

Answer 10

New Spain

Question 11

The reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther’s critiques of the Roman Catholic Church, which precipitated an enduring schism that divided Protestants from Catholics

Answer 11

Protestant Reformation

Question 12

The Indians who inhabited San Salvador and many Caribbean islands and who were the first people Columbus encountered after making landfall in the New World

Answer 12

Tainos

Question 13

After 50 years of contact

Answer 13

Diseases will kill 90% of Natives

Question 14

Need for supplemental labor

Answer 14

African slavery

Question 15

Spaniards bring to the New World

Answer 15

Christianity, iron technology, sailing ships, firearms, wheeled vehicles, horses, old world viruses

Question 16

Cortes expedition serve as a model for others (this person conquered the Inca)

Answer 16

Francisco Pizarro

Question 17

Most important treasure Spanish could exploit

Answer 17

Uncompensated Indian labor

Question 18

After 1540 this is the most important export

Answer 18

Silver mining (precious metals)

Question 19

Spain, like other Europeans develops a

Answer 19

Society highly stratified by race and national (social) origin dominated Minority

Question 20

Born in New World to Spanish parents

Answer 20

Creoles

Question 21

Spanish father, Indian mother

Answer 21

Mestizos

Question 22

Killed 1/3 of the population

Answer 22

bubonic plague

Question 23

Identify three of four key factors that enabled Cortes to conquer the mexica and gain control of Mexica’s Empire’s Capital

Answer 23

Technological Advances (guns, metal armor, cannon, horses)
Diseases
Indian Allies (Tlaxcalans)
All out war

Question 24

2 Spanish groups became critical of the encomienda system and were influential in abolishing its early form in 1549. identify both groups, cite their major criticisms, and explain the results of the criticism

Answer 24

Missionaries-horrified by treatment, difficult to convert to Christianity
Royal Officials-brutality stemmed from encomenderos unchecked autonomy
Result-repartimento-reform that replaced the dying ecomenderos with royal bureaucrats

Question 25

Portugal

Answer 25

Prince Henry the Navigator
breaks Italian trade monopoly
Breaks monopoly of old Mediterranean trade

Question 26

Spain

Answer 26

Columbus
The movement of peoples, animals, plants, manufactured goods, precious metals, and diseases between Europe, the new world and Africa