Chapter One Flashcards
Two major developments that made it possible for human beings to migrate to the Western Hemisphere from Asia short response
- Ability to adapt to frigid climate (arctic circle)
- Change in earths climate (ICE AGE) exposing a land bridge connecting Asia to North America
Describe the two major adaptations the Paleo-Indians made short response
- They began to hunt smaller game
- Began to forage edible wild plants like roots, seeds, nuts, and berries
How did the adoption of bows and arrows affect Great Plains livelihoods in 500 AD short response
- They are now able to hunt from great distances and shoot prey repeatedly
- Easier to make, less costly heavier spear points
Describe the ways that Eastern Woodland cultures interacted with the natural environment. What challenges and opportunities they encountered short response
- Permanent structures
- Developed Agricultural techniques setting fires to promote certain plant growth and destroy plants that attacked deer and small game
- Eastern tribes clear land for farming
Isolated the Western Hemisphere from other Continents
Continental Drift
Despite variety and abundance among of animals, this is the most important food source
Plants
4000BC added two important features to their basic lifestyle
Pottery and Agriculture
Why did Anasazi abandon their Pueblo’s
Persistent drought in southern Utah, Colorado, and Northern Arizona
Largest Mississippian site
Cahokia in modern St Louis, Missouri, over 100 mounds
3 major groups
Algonquian, Iroquoian, Muskogean
Natives adapted to the natural environment
Adaptation
Multi unit dwellings, storage spaces, and ceremonial centers often called KIVAS builds by ancient Americans in the Southwest for centuries around AD 1000
Pueblos
Earthen constructions by ancient American peoples especially throughout the gigantic drainage of Ohio and Mississippi rivers after about 2500 BP they were often used to bury important leaders and to enact major ceremonies
Burial Mounds
Shaped spearheads used by Paleo-Indians and named for the place in New Mexico where they first were excavated
Clovis Points
An empire that stretched from coast to coast across central Mexico and encompassed as many as 25 million people their culture was characterized by steep hierarchy and devotion to the war god huitzilopochtli
Mexica
The largest residential and ceremonial site containing more than 600 rooms and 35 kivas, in the major Anasazi cultural center of Chaco Canyon in present day New Mexico
Pueblo Bonito
Hunting gathering peoples who descended from Paleo Indians and dominated the Americas from approximately 10,000 BP to between 4000 and 3000 BP
Archaic Indians
The largest ceremonial site in ancient North America located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River thousand of inhabitants built hundreds of earthen mounds between about AD800 and 1500
Cahokia
First migrants into North America and their descendants who spread across the Americas between 15000 BP and 13500 BP
Paleo Indians
The land bridge between Siberia and Alaska that was exposed by the Wisconsin glaciation allowing people to migrant into the Western Hemisphere
Beringia
The goods the Mexica collected from conquered peoples, from basic food products to candidates for human sacrifice
Tribute
Hierarchical social organization headed by a chief. Archeologist think Woodland cultures were organized in this way because the construction of the burial mounds requires one person commanding labor over others
Chiefdom
A way of life that involved procuring game and vegetation naturally, as opposed to agriculture and animal husbandry. Archaic Indians and their descendants used this for centuries
Hunter Gatherer
