Chapter Seven

Question 1

List at least two of the grievances colonists had with the British government by July of 1776
How did the Continental Congress respond to these grievances

Answer 1

-standing army in the colonies
-dissolution of colonial legislation
-taxation without representation in Parliament
-Incite Indian warfare
-hire German mercenaries
The drafting of a formal document including these grievances called the Declaration of Independence

Question 2

Why were many Americans reluctant to pursue independence from Great Britain?2

Answer 2

Fear it would impact political stability

Difficult to conceive independence from the King

Question 3

Why did the British exercise restraint in their efforts to defeat the colonists

Answer 3

-sought to restore old colonial governments
-regain loyalty not conquer

Question 4

Discuss the two tasks facing the Second Continental Congress when the delegates meet on May 10, 1775. What initial steps did they take to carry out their goals?

Answer 4

-Raise and supply an army
-negotiate reconciliation with England
They create the Continental army and draft The Olive Branch Petition

Question 5

Who were the Loyalists during the Revolutionary War? From which social strata did they come from?

Answer 5

Wealthy Merchants
Upper Class

Question 6

What impact did the French alliance have on the outcome of the Revolutionary War?

Answer 6

Provided troops, money, and navy

Question 7

Second battle of the war, on June 16, 1775, involving a massive British attack on New England militia units near Boston. The militiamen finally yielded, but not before inflicting heavy casualties on the British

Answer 7

Battle of Bunker Hill

Question 8

A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain. Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.

Answer 8

Declaration of Independence

Question 9

A multistage battle in New York ending with the decisive defeat and surrender of British General John Burgoyne on October 17, 1777. France was convinced by this victory to throw its official support to the Americans.

Answer 9

Battle of Saratoga

Question 10

First major engagement of the new Continental army, defending against 45,000 British troops newly arrived in what is now Brooklyn. The Continentals retreated, with high casualties and many taken prisoner.

Answer 10

Battle of Long Island

Question 11

A Philadelphia organization that collected substantial money donations in 1780 to gift to the Continental troops showing citizens’ appreciation.

Answer 11

Ladie’s Association

Question 12

Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war’s duration. It established an army, created its own money, and declared independence once el all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.

Answer 12

Second Continental Congress

Question 13

October 1781 battle that sealed American victory in the Revolutionary War. American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis in Virginia.

Answer 13

Battle of Yorktown

Question 14

A punishing defeat for Americans in a ravine near Fort Stanwix in New York in August
1777. German-American militiamen aided by allied Oneida warriors were ambushed by Mohawk and Seneca Indians, and 500 on the revolutionary side were killed.

Answer 14

Battle of Oriskany

Question 15

September 3, 1783, agreement that ended the Revolutionary War. The pact acknowledged America’s independence, set its boundaries, and promised the quick withdrawal of British troops from American soil. It failed to recognize Indians as players in the conflict

Answer 15

Treaty of Paris

Question 16

Colonists who remained loyal to Britain during the Revolutionary War, probably numbering around one-fifth of the population in 1776.

Answer 16

Loyalists

Question 17

The army created in June 1775 by the Second Continental Congress to oppose the British. Virginian George Washington, commander in chief, had the task of turning local militias and untrained volunteers into a disciplined army.

Answer 17

Continental Army

Question 18

Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776 that laid out the case for independence. In it, Paine rejected monarchy, advocating its replacement with republican government based on the consent of the people. The pamphlet influenced public opinion throughout the colonies.

Answer 18

Common Sense

Question 19

Where did delegates from all of the colonies meet to discuss their course of action after the skirmishes at Lexington and Concord?

Answer 19

Second Continental Congress

Question 20

What was the initial goal of the Second Continental Congress?

Answer 20

To raise and supply an army

Question 21

Why did the delegates to the Second Continental Congress remain reluctant to break with Britain in 1775?

Answer 21

The delegates worried that independence would destroy political stability

Question 22

The delegates to the Second Continental Congress chose George Washington as commander in chief because

Answer 22

They wanted to show England that there was commitment to war outside England

Question 23

What was the significance of the battle of Bunker Hill?

Answer 23

The British won a very costly battle

Question 24

In the Olive Branch Petition of July 1775, congressional moderates proposed that

Answer 24

American colonial assemblies be recognized as individual Parliaments

Question 25

In his radical pamphlet Common Sense, Thomas Paine encouraged Americans to

Answer 25

Declare independence from Great Britain

Question 26

In their revisions to the Declaration of Independence, Georgia and South Carolina removed

Answer 26

Any mention of the issue of slavery

Question 27

The British goal in fighting the war in America was to

Answer 27

Regain colonial alliance

Question 28

How did the Congress raise the necessary troops for the Continental Army?

Answer 28

It offered land grants to those who committed for the wars duration

Question 29

What was the American strategy in the war with Britain?

Answer 29

Turn back and defeat the invading armies

Question 30

The Continental army enjoyed its first victory over the British in Christmas night in 1776, when the Americans

Answer 30

Surprised the Hessians in New Jersey

Question 31

Many of the most visible and dedicated loyalists (also called Tories by their enemies) came from which group?

Answer 31

Wealthy merchants

Question 32

Which of the following was a treasonable act as defined by state laws in 1775 and 1776?

Answer 32

Supply the British army

Question 33

As the currency depreciated, the Continental Congress paid soldiers by

Answer 33

Issuing land grant certificates

Question 34

In August 1777, instead of sailing north on the Hudson River, General Howe chose which surprising military strategy?

Answer 34

He sailed to Philadelphia

Question 35

Why was General John Burgoyne’s defeat at the battle of Saratoga a decisive moment in the Revolutionary War?

Answer 35

It brought France into the war on the side of the patriots

Question 36

Where did the British troops achieve victory at the beginning of their campaign in the South in 1778 and 1780?

Answer 36

Georgia and South Carolina

Question 37

Where did the Americans suffer their worst defeat of the Revolutionary War?

Answer 37

Camden, South Carolina

Question 38

How did battle tactics in the South change after Gate’s defeat and Arnold’s treason?

Answer 38

Guerilla warfare erupted across the southern backcountry

Question 39

After General Charles Cornwallis achieved the upper hand in Virginia, the balance of power on the battlefield changed dramatically because

Answer 39

The French gave military support to Washington

Question 40

What was the content of the first article of the Treaty of Paris?

Answer 40

The King recognized the independence of the United States