Chapter Three: Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

The study of the organs and systems of the body:

Answer 1

anatomy

Question 2

The three parts of cells:

Answer 2

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

Question 3

Control center of cell activity:

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

Outer surface of cell which the protoplasm is enclosed:

Answer 4

cell membrane

Question 5

Most activity or production of the cell take place in the:

Answer 5

cytoplasm

Question 6

Process of building up larger molecules from small ones:

Answer 6

anabolism

Question 7

Release of energy within a cell necessary for the performance of specific body functions:

Answer 7

catabolism

Question 8

The role of epithelial tissue:

Answer 8

cover and protect body surfaces and internal organs

Question 9

Type of tissue that coordinates body functions and carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord:

Answer 9

nerve

Question 10

body structure composed of two or more cells of different tissue:

Answer 10

organ

Question 11

Group of body structures that together, perform one or more vital function of the body:

Answer 11

system

Question 12

Skin makes up what system?

Answer 12

Integumentary system

Question 13

physical foundation of the body:

Answer 13

skeletal system

Question 14

Point where two or more bones are jointed together:

Answer 14

joint

Question 15

Osteology is the study of:

Answer 15

bones`

Question 16

Technical term for bone:

Answer 16

os

Question 17

Long bones are found in the:

Answer 17

legs

Question 18

Bone is the hardest structure in the body and is composed of 1/3 organic matter and:

Answer 18

2/3 mineral matter

Question 19

NOT a function of the skeletal system:

Answer 19

sending and receiving body messages

Question 20

Body system that has the function to give the body shape and strength:

Answer 20

skeletal system

Question 21

NOT a bone of the cranium

Answer 21

metacarpal

Question 22

Bones most affected by scalp massage:

Answer 22

frontal

Question 23

Parietal bones form the:

Answer 23

crown and upper sides of the head

Question 24

Two bones located on either side of the head above the ears and below the parietal bones:

Answer 24

temporal bones

Question 25

Largest bone of the facial skeleton:

Answer 25

mandible

Question 26

The upper cheek and bottom of the eye socket are formed by the malar and the:

Answer 26

zygomatic

Question 27

The smallest bones of the facial skeleton that form the front part of the inner, bottom wall of the eye socket are:

Answer 27

cervical vertebrae

Question 28

Large. flat bone extending from the middle of the back, upward to the joint where it attaches to the clavicle:

Answer 28

humerus

Question 29

Bone located on the little finger side of the lower forearm:

Answer 29

ulna

Question 30

Eight carpals held together with ligaments make up the:

Answer 30

wrist

Question 31

Five long, thin bones that form the palm of the hand:

Answer 31

metacarpal

Question 32

The study of the structure, function and diseases of the muscles:

Answer 32

myology

Question 33

One function of the muscular system includes supporting the:

Answer 33

skeletal system

Question 34

Muscles that respond to commands regulated by will:

Answer 34

striated

Question 35

Muscles that respond automatically to control carious body functions:

Answer 35

non-striated

Question 36

Non-moving portion of the muscles attached to bone or other fixed muscles:

Answer 36

origin

Question 37

Tissue that contracts when stimulated to produce motion:

Answer 37

muscular

Question 38

muscles affected by massage are generally manipulated from the:

Answer 38

insertion to origin

Question 39

Formed by the frontalis and occipitalis muscles:

Answer 39

epicranius

Question 40

Muscle that controls the eyebrows by drawing them in and downward:

Answer 40

corrugator

Question 41

Muscle located between eyebrows across bridge of nose:

Answer 41

procerus

Question 42

Raising upper lip is controlled by what muscle?

Answer 42

quadratus labii superioris

Question 43

What muscle pulls the lower lip down or to the side?

Answer 43

quadratus labii inferioris

Question 44

Which two muscles perform chewing (mastication)?

Answer 44

temporalis and masseter

Question 45

Which muscles are used when nodding yes or no?

Answer 45

sternocleido mastoides

Question 46

Drawing the head back, rotating the shoulder blades and controlling the swing of arms are controlled by the lastissimus dorsi and the:

Answer 46

Trapezius

Question 47

Muscle that turns palm of hand up:

Answer 47

supinator

Question 48

Muscle that bends the wrist and closes the fingers:

Answer 48

flexor

Question 49

Muscle that straightens the fingers and wrist:

Answer 49

extensor

Question 50

What system is directly influenced and stimulated by a massage?

Answer 50

circulatory

Question 51

Nourishes parts of the body not reached by blood:

Answer 51

lymph

Question 52

The heart muscle is encased in a membrane called the:

Answer 52

pericardium

Question 53

The lower chambers of the heart:

Answer 53

left and right ventricles

Question 54

Sticky, salty fluid circulating through the body bringing nourishment and oxygen to all of the body:

Answer 54

blood

Question 55

Cells that fight bacteria and other foreign substances is called leukocytes or:

Answer 55

white blood cells

Question 56

What component of blood gives the body ability to stop blood flow when the skin is broken?

Answer 56

thrombocytes

Question 57

The fluid part of blood:

Answer 57

plasma

Question 58

Thick-walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart:

Answer 58

arteries

Question 59

Which vessels carry impure blood (containing carbon dioxide) back from the capillaries to the heart?

Answer 59

veins

Question 60

Which arteries supply blood to the face, head and neck:

Answer 60

common carotid arteries

Question 61

Occipital arties supplys blood to the:

Answer 61

back of the head

Question 62

Which artery supplies blood to the lower portion of the face?

Answer 62

external maxillary

Question 63

Which artery supplies the sides of the nose with blood?

Answer 63

angular

Question 64

Which artery supplies blood to the lower lip?

Answer 64

interior labial

Question 65

Which smaller branch of the external maxillary artery supplies blood to upper lip and septum:

Answer 65

superior labial

Question 66

Which artery supplies blood to the crown and sides of head?

Answer 66

parietal

Question 67

Which artery supplies blood to parts of the forehead and eyes?

Answer 67

supraorbital

Question 68

Filters out toxic substances, like bacteria and adds antibodies to the lymph fluid:

Answer 68

lymph nodes

Question 69

Body system that displays localized swelling die to an infection:

Answer 69

lymph-vascular

Question 70

The nervous system is made up of:

Answer 70

central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems

Question 71

The brain, spinal cord, spinal and cranial nerves make up the:

Answer 71

central nervous system

Question 72

Largest nerve tissue in the human body:

Answer 72

brain

Question 73

At the end of each axon, responsible for sending messages away from the nerve cell in the form of nerve impulses:

Answer 73

nerve terminal

Question 74

Another name for nerve cell:

Answer 74

neuron

Question 75

Components that work in harmony to receive and interpret stimuli and send resulting impulses to the appropriate tissues, muscles and organs:

Answer 75

brain, spinal cord and nerves

Question 76

Which nerves carry messages from the brain to the muscles?

Answer 76

efferent

Question 77

The trifacial nerve is also known as the:

Answer 77

fifth cranial nerve

Question 78

Cranial nerve responsible for transmitting facial sensations to the brain:

Answer 78

trifacial

Question 79

Main nerve branch to the top one-third of the face:

Answer 79

ophthalmic

Question 80

Division of ophthalmic branch that affects the upper eyelid, eyebrows, forehead and scalp:

Answer 80

supraorbital

Question 81

The primary motor nerve of the face:

Answer 81

facial nerve

Question 82

Nerve that extends to the lower eyelid side of the nose, upper lip and mouth:

Answer 82

infraobital

Question 83

What branch of facial nerve extends to the upper muscles of the cheek?

Answer 83

zygomatic

Question 84

Nerve that extends to the muscles of the mouth:

Answer 84

buccal

Question 85

Facial nerve extending to the muscles of the temple, sides of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelid and upper cheek:

Answer 85

temporal

Question 86

Cervical nerve extending into the side and front of the neck to the breastbone:

Answer 86

cervical cutaneous

Question 87

Nerve extending down the little finger side of arm and into palm of hand:

Answer 87

ulnar

Question 88

Nerve extending down the thumb side of the arm into the back of the hand:

Answer 88

radial

Question 89

What causes tight, fatigued muscles to feel relaxed and soothed?

Answer 89

stimulation of sensitive nerve tissues

Question 90

Why is peristalsis important in the functioning of the digestive system?

Answer 90

propels food down the esophagus

Question 91

The gastrointestinal system includes the:

Answer 91

pharynx, stomach and esophagus

Question 92

Why is the respiratory system important?

Answer 92

Inhalation of oxygen

Question 93

Why is breathing through the nose healthier than breathing through the mouth?

Answer 93

the nose contains mucus membranes that filter out dust

Question 94

System compromised of glands that manufacture chemical substances called hormones:

Answer 94

endocrine