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Cosmetology > Chapter Three: Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter Three: Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the organs and systems of the body:

A

anatomy

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2
Q

The three parts of cells:

A

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

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3
Q

Control center of cell activity:

A

nucleus

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4
Q

Outer surface of cell which the protoplasm is enclosed:

A

cell membrane

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5
Q

Most activity or production of the cell take place in the:

A

cytoplasm

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6
Q

Process of building up larger molecules from small ones:

A

anabolism

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7
Q

Release of energy within a cell necessary for the performance of specific body functions:

A

catabolism

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8
Q

The role of epithelial tissue:

A

cover and protect body surfaces and internal organs

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9
Q

Type of tissue that coordinates body functions and carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord:

A

nerve

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10
Q

body structure composed of two or more cells of different tissue:

A

organ

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11
Q

Group of body structures that together, perform one or more vital function of the body:

A

system

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12
Q

Skin makes up what system?

A

Integumentary system

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13
Q

physical foundation of the body:

A

skeletal system

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14
Q

Point where two or more bones are jointed together:

A

joint

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15
Q

Osteology is the study of:

A

bones`

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16
Q

Technical term for bone:

A

os

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17
Q

Long bones are found in the:

A

legs

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18
Q

Bone is the hardest structure in the body and is composed of 1/3 organic matter and:

A

2/3 mineral matter

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19
Q

NOT a function of the skeletal system:

A

sending and receiving body messages

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20
Q

Body system that has the function to give the body shape and strength:

A

skeletal system

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21
Q

NOT a bone of the cranium

A

metacarpal

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22
Q

Bones most affected by scalp massage:

A

frontal

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23
Q

Parietal bones form the:

A

crown and upper sides of the head

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24
Q

Two bones located on either side of the head above the ears and below the parietal bones:

A

temporal bones

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25
Q

Largest bone of the facial skeleton:

A

mandible

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26
Q

The upper cheek and bottom of the eye socket are formed by the malar and the:

A

zygomatic

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27
Q

The smallest bones of the facial skeleton that form the front part of the inner, bottom wall of the eye socket are:

A

cervical vertebrae

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28
Q

Large. flat bone extending from the middle of the back, upward to the joint where it attaches to the clavicle:

A

humerus

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29
Q

Bone located on the little finger side of the lower forearm:

A

ulna

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30
Q

Eight carpals held together with ligaments make up the:

A

wrist

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31
Q

Five long, thin bones that form the palm of the hand:

A

metacarpal

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32
Q

The study of the structure, function and diseases of the muscles:

A

myology

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33
Q

One function of the muscular system includes supporting the:

A

skeletal system

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34
Q

Muscles that respond to commands regulated by will:

A

striated

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35
Q

Muscles that respond automatically to control carious body functions:

A

non-striated

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36
Q

Non-moving portion of the muscles attached to bone or other fixed muscles:

A

origin

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37
Q

Tissue that contracts when stimulated to produce motion:

A

muscular

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38
Q

muscles affected by massage are generally manipulated from the:

A

insertion to origin

39
Q

Formed by the frontalis and occipitalis muscles:

A

epicranius

40
Q

Muscle that controls the eyebrows by drawing them in and downward:

A

corrugator

41
Q

Muscle located between eyebrows across bridge of nose:

A

procerus

42
Q

Raising upper lip is controlled by what muscle?

A

quadratus labii superioris

43
Q

What muscle pulls the lower lip down or to the side?

A

quadratus labii inferioris

44
Q

Which two muscles perform chewing (mastication)?

A

temporalis and masseter

45
Q

Which muscles are used when nodding yes or no?

A

sternocleido mastoides

46
Q

Drawing the head back, rotating the shoulder blades and controlling the swing of arms are controlled by the lastissimus dorsi and the:

A

Trapezius

47
Q

Muscle that turns palm of hand up:

A

supinator

48
Q

Muscle that bends the wrist and closes the fingers:

A

flexor

49
Q

Muscle that straightens the fingers and wrist:

A

extensor

50
Q

What system is directly influenced and stimulated by a massage?

A

circulatory

51
Q

Nourishes parts of the body not reached by blood:

A

lymph

52
Q

The heart muscle is encased in a membrane called the:

A

pericardium

53
Q

The lower chambers of the heart:

A

left and right ventricles

54
Q

Sticky, salty fluid circulating through the body bringing nourishment and oxygen to all of the body:

A

blood

55
Q

Cells that fight bacteria and other foreign substances is called leukocytes or:

A

white blood cells

56
Q

What component of blood gives the body ability to stop blood flow when the skin is broken?

A

thrombocytes

57
Q

The fluid part of blood:

A

plasma

58
Q

Thick-walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart:

A

arteries

59
Q

Which vessels carry impure blood (containing carbon dioxide) back from the capillaries to the heart?

A

veins

60
Q

Which arteries supply blood to the face, head and neck:

A

common carotid arteries

61
Q

Occipital arties supplys blood to the:

A

back of the head

62
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the lower portion of the face?

A

external maxillary

63
Q

Which artery supplies the sides of the nose with blood?

A

angular

64
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the lower lip?

A

interior labial

65
Q

Which smaller branch of the external maxillary artery supplies blood to upper lip and septum:

A

superior labial

66
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the crown and sides of head?

A

parietal

67
Q

Which artery supplies blood to parts of the forehead and eyes?

A

supraorbital

68
Q

Filters out toxic substances, like bacteria and adds antibodies to the lymph fluid:

A

lymph nodes

69
Q

Body system that displays localized swelling die to an infection:

A

lymph-vascular

70
Q

The nervous system is made up of:

A

central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems

71
Q

The brain, spinal cord, spinal and cranial nerves make up the:

A

central nervous system

72
Q

Largest nerve tissue in the human body:

A

brain

73
Q

At the end of each axon, responsible for sending messages away from the nerve cell in the form of nerve impulses:

A

nerve terminal

74
Q

Another name for nerve cell:

A

neuron

75
Q

Components that work in harmony to receive and interpret stimuli and send resulting impulses to the appropriate tissues, muscles and organs:

A

brain, spinal cord and nerves

76
Q

Which nerves carry messages from the brain to the muscles?

A

efferent

77
Q

The trifacial nerve is also known as the:

A

fifth cranial nerve

78
Q

Cranial nerve responsible for transmitting facial sensations to the brain:

A

trifacial

79
Q

Main nerve branch to the top one-third of the face:

A

ophthalmic

80
Q

Division of ophthalmic branch that affects the upper eyelid, eyebrows, forehead and scalp:

A

supraorbital

81
Q

The primary motor nerve of the face:

A

facial nerve

82
Q

Nerve that extends to the lower eyelid side of the nose, upper lip and mouth:

A

infraobital

83
Q

What branch of facial nerve extends to the upper muscles of the cheek?

A

zygomatic

84
Q

Nerve that extends to the muscles of the mouth:

A

buccal

85
Q

Facial nerve extending to the muscles of the temple, sides of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelid and upper cheek:

A

temporal

86
Q

Cervical nerve extending into the side and front of the neck to the breastbone:

A

cervical cutaneous

87
Q

Nerve extending down the little finger side of arm and into palm of hand:

A

ulnar

88
Q

Nerve extending down the thumb side of the arm into the back of the hand:

A

radial

89
Q

What causes tight, fatigued muscles to feel relaxed and soothed?

A

stimulation of sensitive nerve tissues

90
Q

Why is peristalsis important in the functioning of the digestive system?

A

propels food down the esophagus

91
Q

The gastrointestinal system includes the:

A

pharynx, stomach and esophagus

92
Q

Why is the respiratory system important?

A

Inhalation of oxygen

93
Q

Why is breathing through the nose healthier than breathing through the mouth?

A

the nose contains mucus membranes that filter out dust

94
Q

System compromised of glands that manufacture chemical substances called hormones:

A

endocrine

Cosmetology (15 decks)

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