Chapter Fourteen: The Study of Nails Flashcards
Considered appendages of the skin:
nails
The primary purpose of the free edge of the nail is to:
protect the tip of the finger and/or toe
The folds of skin on either side of the nail groove are called the:
nail wall
The lunula is the point where the:
nail matrix and nail bed meet
The nail structure that overlaps the lunula at the base of the nail:
eponychium
The loose and pliable overlapping skin around the nail:
cuticle
Tissue that generates cells that harden as they move outward from the root to the nail is called the:
matrix
Attached at the base of the nail, under the skin and inside the mantle:
nail root
Deep pocket like area that holds the root and the matrix of the nail:
mantle
Nail structure consisting of many nerves and blood vessels that supply nourishment:
nail bed
The nail is attached to the bone by:
ligaments
The tracks on either side of the nail that the nail moves on as it grows:
grooves
The skin that touches, overlaps and surrounds the nail:
peronychium
The skin under the free edge nail:
hyponychium
NOT an indication of decreasing rate of nail growth
summer
The growth of a new nail plate take about:
4 to 6 months
Permanent distortion can occur if the nail is lost due to trauma and:
when the nail bed and the matrix are injured
The average growth rate of nails in adults:
1/8 inch per month
Any disease, disorder or condition of the nail:
onychosis
Nails with a sign of disease require:
referral to a physician
A healthy nail is smooth, curved, translucent, pinkish in color and:
is without hollows or wavy ridges
Technical name for ringworm of the nail:
onychomycosis
Tinea pedis appears as itching and peeling of the skin on the feet and must be:
referred to a physician
nail disease NOT caused by fungus
onychatrophia
NOT a cause of paronychia:
systemic disease
Onychia is an inflammation of the:
nail matrix
Systemic, long term illness or nervous disturbance can cause:
spoon nails
Vertical lines down the nail plate that may be caused by illness or injury:
furrows
An increased curvature of the nail indicates:
onychogryposis
The disorder in which the nail grows into the edge of the nail grooves causing ingrown nails:
onychocryptosis
Trimming toenails straight across can help avoid:
ingrown toenails
Another name for onychauxis:
hypertrophy
Thickening of the nail plate or an abnormal outgrowth of the nail:
onychauxis
Condition when the cuticle becomes overly dry and splits:
hangnail
Blood trapped under the nail;
bruised nail
Small white spots in the nail which may be caused by an injury:
euconychia
Pterygium of the nail can occur at either the hyponychium or at the:
eponychium
Correct response if a client has signs of onychophagy:
offer to perform a weekly service, including polish
Condition caused by nervous habit:
onychophagy
Improper filing, injuries or harsh chemicals could be the cause of:
split nails
Onychorrhexis is a term indicating:
split or brittle nails
Nail condition caused by trapped moisture with a yellow-green discoloration that turns black and begins to smell bad:
nail fungus
Discoloration of the nail can indicate a serious problem in the:
nail bed
When discovering nail fungus on a clients hands or feet the salon professional needs to:
refer client to a physician
When determining the shape of a client’s nails:
enhance the client’s natural nail shape
Shortens, shapes and smooths rough edges of natural nails:
emery board
Used to remove nail stains:
nail bleach
The function of a nail dryer:
aid in fast drying and protection from being sticky or dull
The finger bowl should contain warm water and:
liquid soap
The wattage for a bulb in a lamp used for close detail work:
40 watt
Proper disinfecting procedure for implements folling a manicure:
wash implements with soap and water before placing in disinfectant:
How often the soaking solution for the finger bowl be replaced:
after every client
Implements involved in a blood spill incident should be:
disinfected with a broad spectrum disinfectant
When removing polish from the nails, work from:
base to tip
When to offer a hand massage during a manicure:
prior to painting the nails
During a manicure you must remove any traces of oil, lotion or cream:
before applying the base coat
Nail polish should be applied:
using light sweeping strokes
What should you use to remove excess polish at the edge of the nail:
an orangewood stick wrapped in cotton with the tip saturated in polish remover
Nail polish should be applied:
over the base coat
While massaging during a pedicure apply pressure to the muscular tissue on either side of the:
the shinbone
Brittle nails or dry, aging hands could receive benefit from:
hot oil or cream manicuring
Following an acrylic nail service, brushes should be cleaned:
in brush cleaner
Avoid acetone polish remover on:
plastic nail tips
How much of the nail bed should a nail tip cover:
1/3 to 1/2
A dehydrant is used to help remove moisture and oil and to prevent the growth of:
bacteria
When should a dehydrating product be applied to the nail during a service?
before applying a nail form
After applying the primer during a sculptured nail service, you should:
avoid touching the nail
Re-balancing the nail during a fill-in nail service means to file and buff the nail to blend:
remaining acrylic to new growth area
If a nail fungus is found prior to performing a fill in nail service, what steps would be taken:
remove the artificial nail
