Chapter Five: Chemistry Flashcards
Anything that occupies space:
matter
NOT an example of physical change:
rusting of a nail
Melting ice and boiling water is what type of change?
physical
Atoms make up elements. Elements make up matter, all matter is made up of:
atoms
All matter that is living or once living contains carbon and deals with:
organic chemistry
Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances:
elements
Atoms that are all the same form:
elements
Two or more of the same atoms joined by a chemical bond:
molecule
When two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom creates water which is a:
compound
Basis of amino acids:
Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen
Created when amino acids join together in chains:
proteins
Makes up the primary composition of hair:
keratin
Bonds in hair easily broken by heart or water:
hydrogen bonds
Bonds found within hair that help organize protein chains in order to build hair:
side bonds
Side bond of greatest concern to a stylist:
disulfide bonds
How human hair is formed:
protein chains connect to other protein chains
Substances of acidic or alkaline nature dissolve in water and contain:
water
A solution that has more positive hydrogen ions than negative hydroxide ion:
acidic
pH range of skin and hair:
4.5
`pH of 5 is how many more times than a pH of 6
10
Distilled water with a pH of 7 is considered:
neutral
A mixture of two or more kinds of molecules, evenly dispersed:
solution
In the process of making hot chocolate. the powered chocolate represents:
solvent
Mixtures of organic substances and medicinal agent:
ointments
Formed when two or more non-mixable substances are united with the help of a binder:
emulsion
Mixture of fats and acids by heat and then purified, fall under what classification:
soaps
“Shake well before use” indicates the product is a:
suspension
Cosmetic classification that requires sifting until free of coarse, gritty particles:
powder
Emulsions that are generally used by stylists:
oil-in-water emulsions
Means non-mixable:
immiscible
Cleaning the hair and scalp without affecting them:
shampooing
Primary ingredient of most shampoos:
deionized water
NOT true abut surfactants:
prevents shampoo from lathering
Water containing certain salts of calcium, magnesium and other metals:
hard water
Purifying water by passing it through a porous substance:
filtration
The pH of a client’s natural hair that has been permed, colored, sculpted and designed properly:
4.5 to 5.5
Type of shampoo formulated to have the same pH as hair and skin:
acid-balanced shampoo
Shampoo used to remove product build-up:
clarifying shampoo
Shampoo recommended for an individual who is ill and bedridden:
powder dry shampoo
Shampoo designed to treat scalp and hair problems or disorders:
medicated shampoo
Shampoo containing temporary color molecules that adhere to hair and deposit color:
color shampoo
Conditioner that penetrates into damaged hair shaft and deposit proteins into the cortex:
body-building conditioner
Main ingredient in most neutralizers:
hydrogen peroxide, sodium perorate or sodium bromate
Oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide, have the ability to release:
oxygen
Occurs during oxidation:
a substance loses an electron and oxygen is acquired
Component contained within temporary colors:
certified colors
Ammonia is composed of:
hydrogen and nitrogen
The change assigned to an oxidative hair color procedure:
chemical change
Color molecules enter hair with the aid of:
an alkaline substance
Used to determine a bottle of hydrogen peroxide is still potent:
hydrometer
Responsible for distribution of MSDS:
manufacturer
