chapter the hand

Question 1

define the MCP joint 2-5

Answer 1

Knuckles

Synovial Joints

Biaxial condyloid

3rd finger point of reference
Abducts both directions
No adduction

Question 1

define the IP both proximal and distal of 2-5 MC

Answer 1

Two interphalangeal joints in each finger (2-5)
Proximal interphalangeal
Distal interphalangeal

Synovial Joints, Uniaxial, Hinge Joints
Flexion-extension

Question 2

the functions of CMC of 2-5 CM

Answer 2

Nonaxial plane (irregular) synovial joints
More stability than mobility
Articulations:

2nd metacarpal - Trapezoid
3rd metacarpal - Capitate
4th and 5th metacarpal - Hamate
5th carpometacarpal - most mobile

Question 3

whats makes the CMC of the thumb different Than the other joints

Answer 3

Carpometacarpal (CMC)
Trapezium articulating with first metacarpal (MC)

Modified Biaxial
Flexion (√) - Extension (/)
Abduction - Adduction
Opposition - reposition

Question 4

what do IP and MCP have the same function of the thumb

Answer 4

Hinge joint: Flexion & Extension

Question 5

what does the flexor retinaculum cover

Answer 5

Palmar carpal ligament
More proximal and superficial
Crosses over the flexor muscles
Prevents bow-stringing of tendons

Transverse carpal ligament

Question 6

whats is the tasks of the proximal carpal arch

Answer 6

Formed by the metacarpals (base) and carpal bones
Maintained by flexor retinaculum

Question 6

name the functions of the traverse carpal ligament

Answer 6

Arches over the carpal bones forming a tunnel for passage of

Long finger flexor tendons
Median nerve

Attachments:
Medial: Pisiform and hook of hamate
Lateral: Scaphoid and trapezium

Question 7

the function of extensor retinaculum ligament

Answer 7

Attachments:
Ulnar styloid - medially

Triquetrum, pisiform, and lateral side of the radius
Holds extensor tendons close to the wrist

Question 8

describe the extensor expansion ligament

Answer 8

Wider at base, narrow distal
Dorsum and sides of the proximal phalanx of the fingers
Inserts distally at base of distal phalanx

Question 9

whats the function of the distal carpal arch

Answer 9

Made up of the metacarpal heads, shallower

Question 10

the main objective of the longitudinal arch

Answer 10

Begins at the wrist
Runs length of metacarpal and phalanges for each digit

Question 11

define the the precision grips

Answer 11

Tend to hold the object between the tips of the fingers and thumb

ntrinsic and extrinsic muscles involved
Thumb tends to be abducted

Provide more fine movement and accuracy

Object is usually small, even fragile
Palm not involved

Question 12

describe the pad to pad grip

Answer 12

Thumb and one finger together
Usually the index finger
Metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the finger(s) are flexed

Question 13

the pad to pad grip variation of it is called three has chuck

Answer 13

Similar to power drill - three “jaws” pinching on the drill bit
Example:
Holding a pen or pencil

Question 14

the function of the pincer grip

Answer 14

Involves bringing the tip of the thumb up against the tip of another digit

Question 15

describe the pad to side grip

Answer 15

The pad of the extended thumb pressing an object against the radial side of the index finger

Strong grip, but allows less fine movements than the other two types

Question 16

the function of side to side grip

Answer 16

Weak grip
Does not require much precision
Can be used in the absence of the thumb

Question 17

the function of the lumbrical or plate grip

Answer 17

MCPl and PIP joints flexed,

DIP joints extended

Thumb opposes the fingers holding an object horizontal

Used when something needs to be kept horizontal such as a plate or tray
Uses lumbrical muscles