chapter 9 neck and trunk Flashcards

1
Q

define the Annulus fibrosis

A

Outer portion
Several concentrically arranged fibrocartilagenous rings
Contain the nucleus pulposus

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1
Q

define the Nucleus pulposus

A

Pulpy gelatinous substance
High water content
Birth ~80% water
at 60 years of age ~70% water
In center of disk

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2
Q

define the axis of the dens

A

Odontoid process
Large vertical projection
Anterior aspect of C2
Cervical rotation occurs through its articulation with the atlas

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3
Q

the function of axis

A

Forms the pivot upon which the atlas, supporting the head, rotates

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4
Q

what are the joints of cervical

A

Atlanto-occipital articulation
Atlantoaxial articulation

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5
Q

what are the ligaments of Atlanto - occipital

A

Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane - an extension of the anterior longitudinal ligament
Thin superiorly

Tectorial membrane - continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament, Sling to support the spinal cord as it enters the vertebral column

Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane – secures the weight of the head on the neck

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6
Q

define the Atlanto-occipital

A

Formed by right and left condyles of the occiput articulating with the superior articular facets of the atlas

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7
Q

the synovial of atlanto- occipital

A

Odontoid process (dens) of the axis

Anterior arch of the atlas anteriorly and transverse ligament posteriorly

Two synovial cavities, Pivot joint

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8
Q

the function of anterior of c2-s1

A

Strong, weight-bearing articulations
Between vertebral bodies

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9
Q

the function of posterior

A

Two articulations called facet joints
These determine the amount of motion and type of motion possible

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10
Q

what are the articulation of facet joints

A

Inferior articular process of the vertebra above

Superior articular process of the vertebra below

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11
Q

what are the synovial joints

A

Synovial membrane
Articular capsular ligament
Thoracic - costal facets

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12
Q

Lumbar orientation is in the

A

sagittal plane meaning is flexion/extension greater than lateral flexion and rotation

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13
Q

Thoracic orientation is in the

A

frontal plane meaning rotation/ lateral flexion is greater. flexion/ extension is less

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14
Q

Cervical orientation is

A

triplanar

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15
Q

the function of anterior longitudinal ligament

A

Anterior surface of bodies
Prevents excessive hyperextension
Thin superiorly
Thick inferiorly to fuse with sacrum

16
Q

function of posteriorly longitudinal ligament

A

Runs posterior aspect of vertebral bodies inside the vertebral foramen

Prevents excessive flexion

Thick superiorly to help support the skull
Thin inferiorly, contributes to instability and increased disk injury in lumbar area

17
Q

interspinous ligament

A

Runs between successive spinous processes

18
Q

Ligamentum Flavum

A

Connect adjacent laminae anteriorly

19
Q

what are the nerves of sternoclavicmastoid

A

Accessory (cranial nerve XI), C2 and C3 nerves

19
Q

what are the nerves of scalenes

A

Lower cervical nerve

20
Q

what are the nerves of splenius cervicis and capitas

A

Middle and lower cervical nerves

21
Q

what are the nerves of rectus abdominis

A

Intercostal nerves 7-12

22
Q

what are the nerves of external oblique

A

8-12 intercostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves

23
Q

what are the nerves of internal oblique

A

8-12 intercostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves

24
Q

what are the nerves of traverse abdominis

A

7-12 intercostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves

25
Q

what are the nerves of erector spinae and traversospinalis

A

Spinal nerves