chapter 9 neck and trunk Flashcards
define the Annulus fibrosis
Outer portion
Several concentrically arranged fibrocartilagenous rings
Contain the nucleus pulposus
define the Nucleus pulposus
Pulpy gelatinous substance
High water content
Birth ~80% water
at 60 years of age ~70% water
In center of disk
define the axis of the dens
Odontoid process
Large vertical projection
Anterior aspect of C2
Cervical rotation occurs through its articulation with the atlas
the function of axis
Forms the pivot upon which the atlas, supporting the head, rotates
what are the joints of cervical
Atlanto-occipital articulation
Atlantoaxial articulation
what are the ligaments of Atlanto - occipital
Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane - an extension of the anterior longitudinal ligament
Thin superiorly
Tectorial membrane - continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament, Sling to support the spinal cord as it enters the vertebral column
Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane – secures the weight of the head on the neck
define the Atlanto-occipital
Formed by right and left condyles of the occiput articulating with the superior articular facets of the atlas
the synovial of atlanto- occipital
Odontoid process (dens) of the axis
Anterior arch of the atlas anteriorly and transverse ligament posteriorly
Two synovial cavities, Pivot joint
the function of anterior of c2-s1
Strong, weight-bearing articulations
Between vertebral bodies
the function of posterior
Two articulations called facet joints
These determine the amount of motion and type of motion possible
what are the articulation of facet joints
Inferior articular process of the vertebra above
Superior articular process of the vertebra below
what are the synovial joints
Synovial membrane
Articular capsular ligament
Thoracic - costal facets
Lumbar orientation is in the
sagittal plane meaning is flexion/extension greater than lateral flexion and rotation
Thoracic orientation is in the
frontal plane meaning rotation/ lateral flexion is greater. flexion/ extension is less
Cervical orientation is
triplanar