chapter 8 biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

what does biomechanics mean?

A

using principles and methods of mechanics and applying them to the human body

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2
Q

what does mechanics mean?

A

study of forces and the motion produced as a result of those forces

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3
Q

what does statics mean?

A

nonmoving

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4
Q

what does dynamics mean ?

A

moving

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5
Q

the meaning of scalar?

A

describes magnitude only i.e. volume, length, area, mass

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6
Q

the meaning of vector

A

a quantity having both magnitude and direction

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7
Q

the meaning of torque?

A

tendency of a force to cause rotation around an axis

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8
Q

Object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion. which law is?

A

newtons first law

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9
Q

The amount of acceleration depends on the strength of the force applied to an object
Can also mean a change in direction – need force to change direction
Acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of an object.

which law is this one?

A

newtons second law of acceleration

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10
Q

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
The reaction is always = in strength to the action and the reaction occurs in the opposite direction.

A

newton third law action - reaction

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11
Q

what is linear force?

A

2 or more forces acting along same line

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12
Q

what is parallel force ?

A

forces occur in the same plane in the same or opposite direction

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13
Q

what are concurrent forces?

A

2 or more forces act from a common point but pull in different (divergent) directions which results in a “resultant force

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14
Q

resultant force meaning?

A

net effect of two divergent forces
Lies somewhere in between

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15
Q

define force couple?

A

Occurs when two forces act in an equal but opposite direction

Results in a turning effect

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16
Q

Amount of torque a lever has depends on:

A

Amount of force exerted
Perpendicular distance from the axis – moment arm

17
Q

what is the formula of torque?

A

Torque (Nmeters) = force (N) x moment arm (meters)

18
Q

the torque what angle is the greatest potential?

A

90° torque potential is greatest

19
Q

the bos meaning?
base of support

A

That part of a body that is in contact with the supporting surface

20
Q

what is the 1 principal relationship?

A

balance, stability, and motion. the lower cog the more stable

21
Q

the meaning of the principle 2 ?

A

The center of gravity and line of gravity must remain within the base of support for an object to remain stable

22
Q

principle 3 meaning ?

A

Stability increases as the base of support is widened in the direction of the force

23
Q
A
24
Q

the meaning of principle 4

A

The greater the mass of an object, the greater the stability

25
Q

the meaning of principle 5

A

The greater the friction between the supporting surface and the base of support, the more stable the body will be

26
Q

what is the 3 lever about

A

designed for motion

27
Q

which lever is meant for power

A

the second Axis opposite force, resistance in the middle

like wheel barrow

28
Q

which lever is made for balance

A

the first one, Axis between the force and the resistance

like a seesaw

29
Q

what does the movement arm mean?

A

perpendicular distance from line of action of the force to the axis of rotation

30
Q

define stabilizer force?

A

small perpendicular distance b/n joint axis and line of pull; so the force generated by the muscle pulls the 2 bones of the joint closer together

31
Q

what do you need to have a mechanical advantage?

A

the force arm and resistance arm