chapter six

Question 1

race

Answer 1

refers to a social distinction based on perceived physical or biological characteristics

Question 2

ethnicity

Answer 2

refers to the differences between people rooted in culture, language, religion, and other similar differences.

Question 3

authoritarian personality

Answer 3

• first identified by Adorno
• refers to a person who has extreme respect for authority and is more likely to be obedient to those who hold power over them.

Question 4

census

Answer 4

provides sociologists with valuable insights into population dynamics, such as birth rates, death rates, migration patterns, and population growth.

Question 5

why do governments around the world collect census?

Answer 5

to systematically collect and record data about the people living within their boarders

Question 6

contact theory

Answer 6

suggests that that bringing members from different groups together will reduce prejudice.

Question 7

critical race theory

Answer 7

based on four key ideas

Question 8

first key idea - critical race theory

Answer 8

racism is ordinary (the acts of racism are not rare)

Question 9

second key idea - critical race theory

Answer 9

racism serves important purposes
(when not recognized we can’t create change

Question 10

third key idea - critical race theory

Answer 10

racial and ethnic categories are socially constructed and can change

Question 11

fourth key idea - critical race theory

Answer 11

critical race theory is founded on the idea of intersectionality

Question 12

intersectionality

Answer 12

• Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw
• It is the study of overlapping or intersecting social identities and related systems of oppression, domination, or discrimination

Question 13

discrimination

Answer 13

the negative or positive treatment of someones as a result of their belonging in a specific group

Question 14

essentialism

Answer 14

argues that some “essential” or inherent element makes a person a part of a specific race or ethnic group.

Question 15

First Nations

Answer 15

a Canadian term of ethnicity that refers to the indigenous people who are neither Inuit nor Metis.

Question 16

imagined communities

Answer 16

Benedict Anderson argues nations are based on imagines communities

Question 17

why did Benedict Anderson argue imagined communities

Answer 17

because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow members, meet them or even hear them, yet in the mind of each. lives the image of their communion

Question 18

immigration

Answer 18

the movement of individuals away from their country of origin to a new country.

Question 19

invisible knapsack

Answer 19

White privilege is like an invisible weightless knapsack of special provisions, maps, passports, codebooks, visas, clothes, tools and blank checks.

Question 20

multiculturalism

Answer 20

allowing many individual cultures to exist within one country

Question 21

nation

Answer 21

a territory where its the people are led by the same government

Question 22

nation-state

Answer 22

a system of organization in which people with a common identity live inside a country with firm borders and a single government.

Question 23

prejudice

Answer 23

a negative attitude toward someone based solely on their membership in a group

Question 24

racism

Answer 24

prejudice and discrimination based on race.

Question 25

realistic conflict theory

Answer 25

states that whenever there are two or more groups that are seeking the same limited resources, this will lead to conflict, negative stereotypes and beliefs, and discrimination between the groups.

Question 26

social construction

Answer 26

highlights the ways that the social categories we consider natural and unchanging, are in fact socially created

Question 27

symbolic ethnicity

Answer 27

A theory developed by Dr.Waters to explain how white people in the united states can choose to either embrace an ethnic label or disregard them entirely

Question 28

Thomas principle

Answer 28

If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences

Question 29

vertical mosaic

Answer 29

John porter used the term to describe Canadian society and to highlight two of its important parts

Question 30

what did the vertical mosaic highlight

Answer 30

1. Canada is a mosaic of different ethnicities, languages, regions of residence, and religions.
2. these groupings are unequal in both status and power

Question 31

islamophobia

Answer 31

a specific type of racism, directed at Muslimness

Question 32

Indigenous peoples

Answer 32

Include; first nations, Inuit, and Metis peoples.

Question 33

The royal proclamation of 1763

Answer 33

• recognized First Nations as nations with sovereignty over their own people
• led to treaty-making across the country

Question 34

The indian act of 1876

Answer 34

• gave the Canadian government the power to define who was “Indian” and regulate how First Nations lived
• the government actively sought to assimilate First Nations by heavily restricting their cultural practices through the act

Question 35

residential schools - Indigenous peoples

Answer 35

• possibly the greatest restriction on First Nations cultural practices
• these schools were designed to re-socialize First Nation children and Destry first nations cultures

Question 36

status

Answer 36

a term used to describe First Nations individuals who are registered under the Indian act

Question 37

White privilege

Answer 37

the relative advantages racism affords to people identified as white, whether white people recognize them or deny them.

Question 38

what did Peggy Mclntosh write about

Answer 38

her experiences with the advantages that occur in her life because of her white skin “invisible knapsack”

Question 39

what do Adorno and his colleagues argue

Answer 39

individuals with an authoritarian personality are likely to develop prejudicial attitudes

Question 40

Prejudice and discrimination

Answer 40

Some of the earliest research was carried out by Theodor W. Adorno

Question 41

World values survey

Answer 41

a global research project that explores people’s values and beliefs, their stability or change over time and their impact on social and political development of the societies in different countries of the world.

Question 42

Canada has three broad categories of immigration

Answer 42

1. Economic
2. Family class
3. Refugees

Question 43

what does the Canadian government use to decide which immigrants to accept

Answer 43

a point system

Question 44

multiculturalism act

Answer 44

concerns the management, not the elimination, of racial and ethnic conflict