chapter four Flashcards
absolute poverty
deprivation that threatens the individuals survival.
achievement-based stratification system
allow movement and interaction between layers and classes
ascription-based stratification system
occurs when social class or stratum placement is primarily hereditary.
bourgeoisie
the ruling class in Marx’s theory of class struggle under capitalism. (middle class)
canada pension plan (CPP)
taxable benefit that replaces part of your income when you retire.
class consciousness
the self-understanding of members of a social class
classes
groups of people who play different roles in the productive system.
capitalisms two main classes
- the bourgeoisie (capitalists)
- proletariat (workers)
class struggle
a state of tension that exists between the working and the capital class because of unequal share of wealth, resources, and property.
cycle of poverty
The cycle of poverty begins when a child is born into a poor family. These families often have limited or no resources to create opportunities to advance themselves, which leaves them stuck in the poverty trap.
the four stages of poverty
- absolute
- relative
- situational
- generational
relative poverty
the deprivation of on individual compared to another
situational poverty
the assumption that it is temporary, given that it is caused by a specific set of circumstances like divorce, the death of a loved one, a serious illness, et
generational poverty
when poverty has become a familial pattern for at least two generations, although it typically affects multiple generations
false consciousness
a willingness to believe in ideologies that support the ruling class but are actually disadvantageous to working-class interests.
ideologies
cultural beliefs that justify particular social arrangements, including patterns of inequality
intergenerational income elasticity
the statistic relationship between a parents and Childs economic standings.
low income cut-offs (LICOs)
those who spend 55% or more of their income on food, shelter, and clothing.
lumpenproletariat
the lowest layer of the working class and includes petty criminals and the chronically unemployed
meritocracy
a society whereby jobs and pay are allocated based on an individual’s talent and achievements rather than social status.
parties
organizations that attempt to influence social action and that focus on achieving some goal in the sphere of power.
petite bourgeoisie
small-scale capitalists, such as shopkeepers and managers. people in this group do not necessarily sell their labour like proletarians.
poverty
the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions
power
the capacity to influence, lead, dominate, or have an impact on the life and actions of others in society
