chapter five Flashcards
globalization
a process of increasing interconnectedness pf people, products, ideas, and places.
There are three main theories
- Modernization theory
- World systems theory
- World society theory
Globalization increases interconnectedness in three main ways
- The increase in physical or material connections
- The spatio-temporal element - places feel a lot closer
- The cognitive element - the dissemination of ideas and culture throughout the world
global inequality
income inequality that exists within countries and between countries
The three main strategies for addressing global inequality
- Development assistance
- Debt relief
- Micro-finacing
cash crops
any agricultural crops that are grown specifically to be sold for a profit.
commodity chains
a network of labour and production processes whose end result is a finished commodity
core countries
the industrialized capitalist or imperialist countries, which depend on appropriation from peripheral countries and semi-peripheral countries
ecological footprint
a method that determines how dependent humans are on natural resources
ethnocentric
a belief or attitude that one’s own culture is better than all others, and should therefore serve as the standard frame of reference
fair trade certification
the social premium amount is paid into a fund to be administered by a “joint body” of workers and management for the benefit of workers
gini index
measures the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution
global village
people throughout the world are interconnected through the use of new media technologies.
micro-financing
banking services for low-income individuals or groups who otherwise would not have access to financial services
human development index (HDI)
a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development
modernization theory
a theory used to explain the process of modernization that a nation goes through as it transitions from a traditional society to a modern one
monocropping
an economically efficient and profitable method of readily growing one high-yeild crop
periphery countries
those that are less developed than the semi-periphery and core countries.
semi-periphery countries
nation-states which were neither core nor peripheral but somewhere in between. These societies remained dependent, and to some extent underdeveloped, despite having achieved significant levels of industrialization.
world society theory
a prominent sociological perspective for the analysis of global culture, organization, and change
world systems theory
an interpretive framework that offers a generalized model of human interaction, encompassing economic, political, and social dimensions
