chapter five

Question 1

globalization

Answer 1

a process of increasing interconnectedness pf people, products, ideas, and places.

Question 2

There are three main theories

Answer 2

1. Modernization theory
2. World systems theory
3. World society theory

Question 3

Globalization increases interconnectedness in three main ways

Answer 3

1. The increase in physical or material connections
2. The spatio-temporal element - places feel a lot closer
3. The cognitive element - the dissemination of ideas and culture throughout the world

Question 4

global inequality

Answer 4

income inequality that exists within countries and between countries

Question 5

The three main strategies for addressing global inequality

Answer 5

1. Development assistance
2. Debt relief
3. Micro-finacing

Question 6

cash crops

Answer 6

any agricultural crops that are grown specifically to be sold for a profit.

Question 7

commodity chains

Answer 7

a network of labour and production processes whose end result is a finished commodity

Question 8

core countries

Answer 8

the industrialized capitalist or imperialist countries, which depend on appropriation from peripheral countries and semi-peripheral countries

Question 9

ecological footprint

Answer 9

a method that determines how dependent humans are on natural resources

Question 10

ethnocentric

Answer 10

a belief or attitude that one’s own culture is better than all others, and should therefore serve as the standard frame of reference

Question 11

fair trade certification

Answer 11

the social premium amount is paid into a fund to be administered by a “joint body” of workers and management for the benefit of workers

Question 12

gini index

Answer 12

measures the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution

Question 13

global village

Answer 13

people throughout the world are interconnected through the use of new media technologies.

Question 14

micro-financing

Answer 14

banking services for low-income individuals or groups who otherwise would not have access to financial services

Question 15

human development index (HDI)

Answer 15

a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development

Question 16

modernization theory

Answer 16

a theory used to explain the process of modernization that a nation goes through as it transitions from a traditional society to a modern one

Question 17

monocropping

Answer 17

an economically efficient and profitable method of readily growing one high-yeild crop

Question 18

periphery countries

Answer 18

those that are less developed than the semi-periphery and core countries.

Question 19

semi-periphery countries

Answer 19

nation-states which were neither core nor peripheral but somewhere in between. These societies remained dependent, and to some extent underdeveloped, despite having achieved significant levels of industrialization.

Question 20

world society theory

Answer 20

a prominent sociological perspective for the analysis of global culture, organization, and change

Question 21

world systems theory

Answer 21

an interpretive framework that offers a generalized model of human interaction, encompassing economic, political, and social dimensions