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Intro to Communication Disorders > Chapter one > Flashcards

Chapter one Flashcards

1
Q

Communication

A

A form of social behavior that affects the actions of each participant.

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2
Q

Language (Linguistic definition)

A

A system of symbols and codes used in communication.

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3
Q

Language (behavioral)

A

A form of social behavior,shaped and maintained by a verbal community.

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4
Q

Language can be seen as

A

a means of interaction and as a form of social behavior.

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5
Q

social survival

A

The ability to thrive as a social person.

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6
Q

Animal vs. human communication

A

Human communication is a social interaction while animal communication comes from instinctive for survival.

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7
Q

voice is an essential element of…

A

oral communication, without voice there is no vocal communication

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8
Q

What is the most important structure that lays the foundation for oral communication?

A

Larynx

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9
Q

Vocal folds

A

The vibration of the vocal folds are the source of human voice

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10
Q

Articulation

A

The movement of the speech mechanism to produce the sounds of speech.

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11
Q

Phonology

A

The study of speech sounds and sound patterns used to create words.

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12
Q

Phonetics

A

Production perception and classification of speech sounds. Primary concerned with how sounds are organized

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13
Q

Phoneme

A

sound or group of speech sounds

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14
Q

syllables

A

vowels or vowels combined with consonants

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15
Q

speech

A

the production of phonemes, articulated sounds, and syllables constitute speech

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16
Q

Oral language

A

When the production of speech sounds is organized into a higher level of words and sentences that generates meaning.

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17
Q

Expressive language

A

language produced, speech

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18
Q

Receptive language

A

Language understood, listening

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19
Q

Linguistics

A

The study of language, its structure and the rules that governs that structure.

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20
Q

Morphology

A

the study of structures

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21
Q

morpheme

A

is the smallest meaningful unit of a language

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22
Q

syntax

A

the arrangement of words to form meaningful sentences

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23
Q

Transformational generative theory

A

syntax structures are the essence of language.

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24
Q

Language competence

A

innate and perfect knowledge of the rules of the universal grammar which apply to all languages.

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25
Q

Language performance

A

the actual production of languages

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26
Q

surface structure

A

the actual arrangement of words in a syntactic order

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27
Q

Deep structure

A

primarily holds the rules of sentence formation

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28
Q

transformation

A

is an operation that relates deep and surface structures and yields different forms of sentences. it is a process by which a speaker arranges and rearranges words to change sentences

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29
Q

Semantics

A

The study of meaning in language

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30
Q

referent theory of meaning

A

The meaning of a words is the object person or event to which it refers

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31
Q

content theory

A

structure or form of language has content which is its meaning

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32
Q

cognitive process

A

meaning is in the concepts we talk about

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33
Q

possession

A

understanding the semantic notion of “My”

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34
Q

nomination

A

simply naming objects

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35
Q

agent

A

the person in “daddy cut the grass”

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36
Q

Pragmatics

A

The study of the rules that govern the use of language in social situations.

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37
Q

speech act

A

every utterance is a speech act which means that utterances influence listeners

38
Q

instrumental function

A

we try to get what we want

39
Q

regulatory function

A

we try to get others to do what we want them to do

40
Q

interactional function

A

we engage others in social interaction

41
Q

verbal behavior (Skinner)

A

a form of social behavior maintained by the actions of a verbal community.

42
Q

functional unit

A

a class or group of verbal responses that are produced under similar circumstances and receive similar consequences.

43
Q

consequence

A

is what a listener or listeners say or do.

44
Q

reinforcer

A

is an event that follows a response and makes that response more likely in the future

45
Q

Punisher

A

is an event that follows a response and makes that response less likely in the future

46
Q

verbal operants

A

they are different classes of verbal behaviors learned under specific conditions and produced under similarly specific conditions.

47
Q

mand

A

a verbal operant of verbal behavior that is caused by deprivation or need. requests, commands and demands.

48
Q

Tact

A

a group of verbal responses that describe and comment on the things and events around the speaker.

49
Q

echoics

A

imitative verbal responses whose stimuli are the speech of another person.

50
Q

Intraverbals

A

a group of verbal responses that are stimulated by the speaker’s own prior verbal responses.

51
Q

Much of our conversational speech consists of

A

tacts and intraverbals

52
Q

Autoclitics

A

skinner’s term for grammar and related responses

secondary verbal responses that help point out the causes of primary verbal responses.

53
Q

Fluency

A

is easy smooth, flowing, and relatively effortless speech

54
Q

Prosody

A

variations in rate, pitch, loudness, stress, intonation, and rhythm of continuous speech.

55
Q

Hearing

A

is essential for normally acquired verbal communication. The biological mechanism of human hearing includes the ear, auditory nerve, and brain.

56
Q

speech language pathology

A

is concerned with the study and understanding of human communication and its disorders, and assessment and treatment of those disorders.

57
Q

Audiology

A

is concerned with the study and understanding of normal and disorders hearing, and the rehabilitation of individuals with hearing impairments.

58
Q

Disordered speech

A

deviates from the speech of other persons, calls attention to itself, interferes with communication emphasizes deviancy from the normal and the problem it creates for effective communication.. Causes distress to both the speaker and listener.

59
Q

Etiology

A

the study of causes of diseases and disorders

organic and functional.

60
Q

organic disorders

A

caused by some defect in the neurophysiological mechanism of speech.

61
Q

Functiona/ ideopathicl disorders

A

those that don’t have a demonstrable organic or neurological cause. It is presumed that the orgin is faulty learning, environment, habits, emotional problems or other unknowns.

62
Q

aphasia

A

direct result of brain damage. Ex. a person who suffers a stroke and sustains damage to the left side of the brain is likely to lose some or most of his or her speaking ability.

63
Q

congenital disorder

A

noticed at the time of birth or soon thereafter

64
Q

acquired

A

a communicative disorder when there has been a period of normal communication.

65
Q

Voice categories

A

Aphonia and dysphonia

66
Q

Articulation categories

A

Phonological disorders and motor speech disorders

67
Q

Language categories

A

morphological deficits syntactic deficits semantic deficits and pragmatic deficits.

68
Q

Fluency categories

A

Cluttering and stuttering

69
Q

Hearing categories

A

Conductive and sensorineural

70
Q

Aphonia

A

a total loss of voice, a person with aphonia whispers to communicate

71
Q

dysphonia

A

all other kinds of voice disorders and it may affect one or more aspects of voice.

72
Q

vocal nodules

A

small nodes that develop on the vocal folds and cause breathy and hoarse voice.

73
Q

What are the most frequently treated disorders of communication in school aged children?

A

Articulation

74
Q

Articulation disorder

A

When a person cannot correctly produce one or more of the phonemes of his or her language.

75
Q

Phonological disorders

A

Errors of many phonemes that form patters or clusters

76
Q

motor speech disorders

A

speech disorders in audlts, especially in those who have had normal speech are usually due to some neurological problem. The movement of the speech mechanism has been impaired due to nerve damage.

77
Q

language disorders

A

Difficulties in the acquisition of language

78
Q

telegraphic

A

child’s sentences that are missing grammatical elements as articles, prepositions, and conjuctions

79
Q

aphasia

A

a loss of language

80
Q

cluttering

A

fluency disorder that involves impaired fluency and rapid but disordered articulation, possibly combined with disorganize thought.

81
Q

sttutering

A

a fluency disorder with excessive amounts or excessively long durations of dysfluency, which often are combined with tension, struggle, and related behaviors.

82
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

the sound transmission from the outer or middle ear to the inner ear is impaired.

83
Q

otitis media

A

middle ear infection due to cold allergy and other reasons. A frequent cause of conductive hearing loss in children.

84
Q

ostosclerosis

A

the tiny bones of the middle ear do not vibrate normally because of soft spongy growth on them. The sounds is not efficiently transmitted to the inner ear.

85
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

the inner ear the auditory nerve that transmits sounds to the brain or both may be impaired

86
Q

presbycusis

A

reduced hearing sensitivity of some older people also may be sensorineural.

87
Q

How many people in the US have a communication disorder?

A

It is estimated that 17% of the U.S. population

88
Q

communicative disorders are prevalent to a much higher degree in children who have other kinds of disabilities.

A

True

89
Q

26% of all children with disabilities may have a disorder of communication

A

True

90
Q

language disorders are found in

A

12% to 13% of children

Intro to Communication Disorders (11 decks)

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