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Intro to Communication Disorders > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

The larynx is located at the top of the trachea

A

True

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2
Q

The more massive the vocal folds, the higher the pitch of the voice

A

False

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3
Q

Harsh voice results when the folds do not have enough tension in them

A

False

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4
Q

The vocal folds that vibrate are a pair of muscles called the the thyroarytenoid muscles

A

True

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5
Q

Hoarse voice is both harsh and breathy

A

Trues

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6
Q

excessive nasal resonance on non-nasal sounds

A

hypernsality

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7
Q

Voice disorders due to vocal abuse

A

are still due to laryngeal structural changes

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8
Q

Aphonia means

A

no voice

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9
Q

a kind of growth on the laryngeal structures
more common in children than in adults
surgically excised

A

Papilloma

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10
Q

Spasmodic dysphonia is associated with

A

unusual vocal fold tension

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11
Q

Modification of the laryngeal tone by structures above it is known as _________

A

resonance

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12
Q

High pitch is _______ frequent in the male than in the female.

A

more

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13
Q

An important task in voice therapy is to reduce vocally ______

A

abusive behaviors

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14
Q

What percentage of the population may have a voice disorder

A

3 to 10%%

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15
Q

SLPs report that ____ to ____ of children on their caseloads may have a voice disorder

A

2%, 4%

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16
Q

A sensation based on the frequency of vocal fold vibrations.

A

pitch

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17
Q

The _______ the frequency the ______ the perceived pitch of voice.

A

higher

greater

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18
Q

the average rate at which the folds vibrate

A

fundamental frequency

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19
Q

A sensation based on the intensity of the sound signal.

A

Loudness

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20
Q

The ________ intense a sound signal, the _______ its perceived loudness

A

more

greater

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21
Q

the extent to which the molecules of air or other mediums move.

A

Amplitude

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22
Q

The ______ the amplitude, the _______ the sound

A

greater

louder

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23
Q

______ voice is accompanied by unnecessary air leakage that adds noise to the sound because of slightly open vocal folds during phonation.

A

Breathy

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24
Q

The modification of the laryngeal tone by the cavities of the throat, mouth, and nose, which lie above the vocal folds

A

Resonance

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25
Q

the a patient usually speaks in whispers
there is no phonation, no sound
the vocal folds are abducted during speech
at times a breathy or hoarse voice may return

A

Aphonia

26
Q

_______aphonia is related to stress, anxiety, psychological trauma.

A

Functional

27
Q

_______ aphasia may be caused by an injured or impaired larynx and absent laryngeal structures.

A

Organic

28
Q

Lesions of the vagus nerve may paralyze the vocal folds and cause _______ aphonia

A

neurological

29
Q

disorders of loudness, pitch, vocal quality and resonance

A

Dysphonia

30
Q

______ loud voice is ______ frequently observed that a faint voice.

A

excessively

less

31
Q

The pitch ______ is due to the increase in the mass and size of their larynx.

A

drop

32
Q

persistence of high pitch in adult females is ______

A

rare

33
Q

pitch disorders due to hormonal changes are ______ frequent in females than in males.

A

more

34
Q

________ is due to laryngeal pathologies, vocal fold paralysis, edemal, cancerous growth on the folds, and polyps may all cause a breathy voice.

A

clinically significant breathiness

35
Q

refers to an unpleasant strident rough or grating voice

A

harshness

36
Q

Disorders of _______ resonance are primarily due to the tongue position during phonation and the extent of the jaw movement.

A

oral

37
Q

Causes of Hypernasality

A 
palatal clefts
general velopharyngeal inadequacy
adenoidectomy/tonsilextomy
paralysis of the velum
deafness
38
Q

____________ is a lack of nasal resonance or insufficient nasal resonance on nasal sounds.

A

hyponasality

39
Q

Hyponasality is usually caused by _______ obstructions such as nasal polyps and tumors.

A

structural

40
Q

The vocal folds can be paralyzed when the _________ laryngeal nerve is damaged during neck and chest surgery

A

Recurrent

41
Q

____________ is the surgical removal of the larynx. The patient loses the normal source of sound.

A

laryngectomy

42
Q

Papillomas are found more frequently in ________

A

children

43
Q

The voice of someone with papilloma sounds ______ and ______

A

breathy

hoarse

44
Q

a thin membrane that grows across and closes some or most of the opening between the folds is called a ______

A

laryngeal web

45
Q

small nodes that develop on the anterior and middle third portion of the vocal folds

A

vocal nodules

46
Q

vocal nondules are most frequently seen in children and adults who _______ and _____

A

scream

yell

47
Q

by increasing the mass of the folds, vocal nodules cause _______vibrations which causeses air leakege during phonation ________

A

slower

breathy voice and hoarseness

48
Q

masses that grow and bulge out from teh surrounding tissue

A

polyps

49
Q

polyps are seen more often in _______

A

adults

50
Q

________ are softer may be fluid filled, may have vascular tissue, are often unilateral

A

polyps

51
Q

Polyps may develop after a single episode of ________ and _______, and cause ________ and __________

A

screaming, yelling

breathiness, hoarseness

52
Q

A strangled, squeezed choppy, harsh and breathy voice is known as ________ _________

A

spasmodic dysphonia

53
Q

Spasmodic dysphonina is seen more frequently in ______

A

adults

54
Q

there might be either a tight adduction or abduction of the folds or a combination of the two in spasmodic dysphonia

A

True

55
Q

Who deals with the health and diseases of the larynx

A

ENT

56
Q

Instruments used in voice assessment include the following:

A

electromyography
visi-pitch
nasometer

57
Q

The clinician’s job is to teach the client to avoid or reduce the following:

A 
excessive talking
talking too loudly
talking in noisy places
frequently clearing the throat 
smoking
screaming and yelling
58
Q

esophagus is also a source of ______

A

sound

59
Q

The esophagus may be made to produce sound by first inhaling air into it and then releasing it in the form of a belch. The belching sounds is then articulated into speech sounds. The speech produced by this means is known as ________ ______.

A

esophageal speech

60
Q

laryngeal cancer accounts for ____ to _____ of human cancer.

A

3% to 5%

Intro to Communication Disorders (11 decks)

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