Chapter 8 Flashcards
The larynx is located at the top of the trachea
True
The more massive the vocal folds, the higher the pitch of the voice
False
Harsh voice results when the folds do not have enough tension in them
False
The vocal folds that vibrate are a pair of muscles called the the thyroarytenoid muscles
True
Hoarse voice is both harsh and breathy
Trues
excessive nasal resonance on non-nasal sounds
hypernsality
Voice disorders due to vocal abuse
are still due to laryngeal structural changes
Aphonia means
no voice
a kind of growth on the laryngeal structures
more common in children than in adults
surgically excised
Papilloma
Spasmodic dysphonia is associated with
unusual vocal fold tension
Modification of the laryngeal tone by structures above it is known as _________
resonance
High pitch is _______ frequent in the male than in the female.
more
An important task in voice therapy is to reduce vocally ______
abusive behaviors
What percentage of the population may have a voice disorder
3 to 10%%
SLPs report that ____ to ____ of children on their caseloads may have a voice disorder
2%, 4%
A sensation based on the frequency of vocal fold vibrations.
pitch
The _______ the frequency the ______ the perceived pitch of voice.
higher
greater
the average rate at which the folds vibrate
fundamental frequency
A sensation based on the intensity of the sound signal.
Loudness
The ________ intense a sound signal, the _______ its perceived loudness
more
greater
the extent to which the molecules of air or other mediums move.
Amplitude
The ______ the amplitude, the _______ the sound
greater
louder
______ voice is accompanied by unnecessary air leakage that adds noise to the sound because of slightly open vocal folds during phonation.
Breathy
The modification of the laryngeal tone by the cavities of the throat, mouth, and nose, which lie above the vocal folds
Resonance
the a patient usually speaks in whispers
there is no phonation, no sound
the vocal folds are abducted during speech
at times a breathy or hoarse voice may return
Aphonia
_______aphonia is related to stress, anxiety, psychological trauma.
Functional
_______ aphasia may be caused by an injured or impaired larynx and absent laryngeal structures.
Organic
Lesions of the vagus nerve may paralyze the vocal folds and cause _______ aphonia
neurological
disorders of loudness, pitch, vocal quality and resonance
Dysphonia
______ loud voice is ______ frequently observed that a faint voice.
excessively
less
The pitch ______ is due to the increase in the mass and size of their larynx.
drop
persistence of high pitch in adult females is ______
rare
pitch disorders due to hormonal changes are ______ frequent in females than in males.
more
________ is due to laryngeal pathologies, vocal fold paralysis, edemal, cancerous growth on the folds, and polyps may all cause a breathy voice.
clinically significant breathiness
refers to an unpleasant strident rough or grating voice
harshness
Disorders of _______ resonance are primarily due to the tongue position during phonation and the extent of the jaw movement.
oral
Causes of Hypernasality
palatal clefts general velopharyngeal inadequacy adenoidectomy/tonsilextomy paralysis of the velum deafness
____________ is a lack of nasal resonance or insufficient nasal resonance on nasal sounds.
hyponasality
Hyponasality is usually caused by _______ obstructions such as nasal polyps and tumors.
structural
The vocal folds can be paralyzed when the _________ laryngeal nerve is damaged during neck and chest surgery
Recurrent
____________ is the surgical removal of the larynx. The patient loses the normal source of sound.
laryngectomy
Papillomas are found more frequently in ________
children
The voice of someone with papilloma sounds ______ and ______
breathy
hoarse
a thin membrane that grows across and closes some or most of the opening between the folds is called a ______
laryngeal web
small nodes that develop on the anterior and middle third portion of the vocal folds
vocal nodules
vocal nondules are most frequently seen in children and adults who _______ and _____
scream
yell
by increasing the mass of the folds, vocal nodules cause _______vibrations which causeses air leakege during phonation ________
slower
breathy voice and hoarseness
masses that grow and bulge out from teh surrounding tissue
polyps
polyps are seen more often in _______
adults
________ are softer may be fluid filled, may have vascular tissue, are often unilateral
polyps
Polyps may develop after a single episode of ________ and _______, and cause ________ and __________
screaming, yelling
breathiness, hoarseness
A strangled, squeezed choppy, harsh and breathy voice is known as ________ _________
spasmodic dysphonia
Spasmodic dysphonina is seen more frequently in ______
adults
there might be either a tight adduction or abduction of the folds or a combination of the two in spasmodic dysphonia
True
Who deals with the health and diseases of the larynx
ENT
Instruments used in voice assessment include the following:
electromyography
visi-pitch
nasometer
The clinician’s job is to teach the client to avoid or reduce the following:
excessive talking talking too loudly talking in noisy places frequently clearing the throat smoking screaming and yelling
esophagus is also a source of ______
sound
The esophagus may be made to produce sound by first inhaling air into it and then releasing it in the form of a belch. The belching sounds is then articulated into speech sounds. The speech produced by this means is known as ________ ______.
esophageal speech
laryngeal cancer accounts for ____ to _____ of human cancer.
3% to 5%
