chapter 6

Question 1

Early language acquisition is more rapid than later language acquisition by older students and adolescents

Answer 1

True

Question 2

_________ _________ are those that precede the production of words and phrases

Answer 2

preverbal behaviors

Question 3

What is the most significant preverbal behavior?

Answer 3

babbling

Question 4

How can babbling be increased?

Answer 4

social reinforcemnet

Question 5

Most children produce their first words around the age of ______ year and produce about 50 words by the age of ______ months

Answer 5

1 year, 18 months

Question 6

word utterances appear at the age of ______ months. This is the begging of ______

Answer 6

18

syntax (word order)

Question 7

_____________ ___________ is young children’s speech because it does not include required grammatical features

Answer 7

telegraphic speech

Question 8

the average length of a child’s multiple utterances; the length is measured in terms of morephemes, both bound and free

Answer 8

mean length of utterance

Question 9

what questions are acquired earlier?

Answer 9

what where and who

Question 10

social use of language to communicate effectively

Answer 10

pragmatic view

Question 11

serves to get various kinds of help from others

Answer 11

instrumental function of speech

Question 12

intended to control others’ behaviors

Answer 12

regulatory function

Question 13

What does later language acquisition look like?

Answer 13

it is slower more gradual and it is somewhat harder to see the changes within narrow age ranges.

Question 14

children aceuire language because of an innate mechanism

Answer 14

Nativist theory

Question 15

contain the universal rules of language. The environment provides information about the unique rules of the language to which the child is exposed. The ____________ ________ _______ integrates the universal and the unique aspects of hte language and thus helps the child learn the language in a relatively short time.

Answer 15

language acquisition device

Question 16

Language acquisition is made possible by cognition and general intellectual processes. A child must first understand concepts before producing words.

Answer 16

cognitive theory

Question 17

lanuage delay, language disorder, language impairment or language problem

Answer 17

limited language skills

Question 18

Language problem sin children may affect:

Answer 18

semantic
morphological
syntactic
pragmatic

Question 19

language disorders in children who are otherwise developing normally are called ___________ ____________ _______________

Answer 19

specific language impairment

Question 20

acquire words and their meanings rather slowly
show slow growth of vocabulary
tend to learn only simpler, frequently used, and concrete words;
have difficulty understanding the meanings of spoken words

Answer 20

Semantic Problems

Question 21

________ _________ of language are ways in which words are formed and modified to change the meaning

Answer 21

morphological aspects

Question 22

Difficulties in sentence construction. The child with a language disorder speaks in short or incomplete sentences and may make mistakes in word order.

Answer 22

syntactic problems

Question 23

Problems of social communication. A child with a language disorder might acquire some language structures but not use them appropriately in social situations.

Answer 23

pragmatic skills

Question 24

Pragmatic skills include

Answer 24

poor discourse skills, lack of turn taking, lack of topic maintenance, poor narrative skills

Question 25

associated clinical conditions

Answer 25

``` various genetic syndromes intellectual disabilities hearing loss autism spectrum disorders cerebral palsy and other forms of brain injury ```

Question 26

Process of observation and measurement of a client's language behaviors to determine Whether a clinical problem exists what the nature and extent of the problem are what course of action must be taken to help the child.

Answer 26

Language assessment

Question 27

Assessment includes

Answer 27

``` case history interview of client and family orofacial examination hearing screening observation and measurement of language ```

Question 28

a procedure of recording a person's language production and conversational speech whenever possible

Answer 28

language sampling

Question 29

___________ ____________ describes the language skills of the child, how the child produces the language in social situations and what the prognosis for improvement is. The report offers recommendations for treatment.

Answer 29

Assessment report

Question 30

statement about hte likely future course of the disorder when certain steps are taken or when nothing is done.

Answer 30

prognosis

Question 31

language skills that are useful in social contexts are known as

Answer 31

functional treatment targets

Question 32

If the child produces a wrong response the clinician says no not correct. This kind of verbal disapproval reduces the production of wrong responses

Answer 32

corrective feedback

Question 33

immediate praise for a correct answer

Answer 33

verbal reinforcement

Question 34

sequence of treatment

Answer 34

``` vocalization individual words phrases simple sentences' complex sentences conversational speech ```

Question 35

naturally occurring opportunities for communication are used to teach language

Answer 35

incidental teaching

Question 36

treatment variation in which the emphasis is not on what the child says but on what the child knows about things and events.

Answer 36

cognitive or semantic procedure