Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Intro to Communication Disorders > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

neurologist

A

is a medical specialist who diagnoses and treats disorder of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parkinsonism

A

is a degenerative disease of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypokinesia

A

is reduced range and force of muscle movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

extrapyramidal system

A

is a part of the nervous system involved in movement control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

laryngologist

A

is a medical specialist who diagnoses and treats throat problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Endoscope

A

is an instrument used to examine vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

vocal nodules

A

are small nodes that develop on vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

oral surgeon

A

performs surgery on oral structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

clefts

A

are openings in the roof of the mouth, repaired by surgical methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cineradiography

A

moving xray pictures taken.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stroke

A

may cause brain damage due to interrupted blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

aphasia

A

is a language problem due to stroke and other causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hemiplegia

A

is paralysis of one half of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

audiologist

A

is an expert in hearing and its disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

portions of the inner ear or auditory nerve are damaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

audiogram

A

is a graph showing hearing thresholds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Major structures of speech include

A

respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Additional systems involved in speech production include

A

resonatory system central nervous system and the auditory system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

resonatory system

A

significantly modifies the sound produced by teh phonatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Central nervous system

A

is responsible for initiating and integrating all the activities of other structures into a planned and coordinated activity called speech and an abstract activity called language.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

auditory system

A

is a related and important system that helps awareness and regulation of speech prodution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

vocal folds

A

are a pair of thin muscles in the throat used to produce sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

palate

A

is the roof of the mouth; its front portion is hard and its back portion is soft.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cavity

A

is a space whose boundaries are formed by certain structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
inhale
breathe in
26
exhale
breathe out
27
thoracic cage
provides the main structural frame for respiration.
28
diaphragm
a thick muscle shaped like a dome. it separated the stomach from the thorax. The diaphragms plays a major role in breathing because hte lungs rest on it.
29
pulmonary system
includes the lower and upper airways
30
upper airway includes
mouth nose upper portions of throat
31
trachea
a tube formed by about 20 rings of cartilage is the starting point of the lower airway.
32
what happens when you breathe in?
we bring oxygen to the blood
33
when we breathe out
we get rid of the accumulated carbon dioxide
34
medulla oblangata
fires impulses to the muscles of respiration when an excessive amount of carbon dioxide creates a need for oxygen
35
The duration of exhalations during speech tends to be longer or shorter than during silent periods or inhalation
longer
36
larynx (voice box)
produces voice
37
Phonate
to produce voice
38
subglottal pressure
air pressure below the vocal cords
39
cartilages
are tough connective tissue
40
How does impaired breathing patterns affect speech and language?
voice is affected., phrase length is affected, rhythm and prosody is affected, fluency is affected
41
hyoid bone
the muscles of the tongue, skull, larynx and jaw are attached to this bone
42
thyroid cartilage
forms the frontal and side walls of the larynx
43
cricois
is the top ring of the trachea it is linked with the thyroid cartilage and a pair of arytenoid cartilages.
44
arytenoid cartilages
are connected to the cricoid through the cricoarytenoid joint
45
cricoarytenoid joint
permits circular and sliding movements
46
lateral cricoarytenoid and interarytenoid muscles
adductors
47
posterios cricoarytenoid muscle
ABductor
48
glottis
space when the vocal folds are ABDucted
49
myoelasticaerodynamic theory
the full explanation of the vocal fold movements includes the buildup of air pressure, the pressure differences, and the elasticity of the muscles.
50
pitch and loudness are often described as
perceptual or psychological
51
pitch
is determined by the rate of vocal fold vibration and the mass, tension, and elasticity of the vocal folds.
52
fundamental frequency
the rate at which given vocal folds vibrate
53
intensity
the force or vigor with which hte folds open and close
54
amplitude
extent of vocal fold movements
55
resonance
is modification of a sound by structures through which the sound passes.
56
breathy voice
vocal folds do not completely close causing air leakage during phonation and adds frictional noise to the voice.
57
harshness
irregular vibration of vocal folds or vocal folds may have excessive tension and they may compress too hard.
58
hoarse
breathiness and harshness are present. irregular vocal fold vibrations and excessive air leakage through the glottis.
59
nasality
added nasal resonance to voice (resonance quality)
60
articulation
the movement of joined anatomic parts as well as the production of speech sounds by such movements.
61
alveolar process
sockets that house the teeth
62
mastication
chewing
63
Name part of tongue
Tip, blade, dorsum, root
64
voiced sounds
vocal folds vibrate
65
unvoiced sounds
vocal folds don't vibrate
66
afferent
the flow of information toward the cell body
67
efferent
information flowing out of the cell body
68
action potentials
a nerve carries information by conducting electrical impulses
69
nervous system
composed of the peripheral, central and autonomic systems.
70
peripheral nervous system
a collection of nerves that are outside the skull and the spinal column
71
sensory impulses
originating in the peripheral sense organs to the brain
72
motor impulses
orginating int he brain to hte muscles and glands inteh body
73
peripheral nervous system composed of three kinds of nerves
cranial, spinal and peripheral autonomic
74
what nerves are more directly involved in speech, language, and hearing
cranial nerves
75
cranial nerves concerned with speech and hearing
Cranial nerves V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII
76
Trigeminal nerve V
sensory and motor, serves upper lip, jaw, tongue and cheeks
77
Facial Nerve VII
sensory and motor nerve, retraction of corners of mouth
78
Vestibular Acoustic nerve VIII
sense of balance and acoustic
79
Glossopharyngeal nerve IX
sensory and motor. supplies tongue and pharynx. the motor portion helps regulate the movements of the muscles in the pharynx.
80
Vagus nerve X
sensory and motor. regulate intrinsic muscles of the larynx
81
accessory nerve XI
motor nerve. regulate muscles of the pharynx and the soft palate
82
hypoglossal nerve
motor nerve that controls most tongue movements.
83
sympathetic system
mobilizes the body so that it can cope with emergencies
84
parasympathetic
helps bring the mobilized body back to its relatively relaxed state
85
central nervous system
the spine and brain
86
brain
brainstem,, cerebellum, and cerebrum
87
ataxia
damage to the cerebellum. disturbed balance and abnormal gait are major neurological symptoms
88
lobes in the cortex
frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
89
occipital love
primarily concerned with vision
90
parietal love
primary somatic sensory area
91
temporal love
primary auditory cortex and Wernicke's area
92
Primary auditory cortex
receives the sound stimuli from the acoustic nerve
93
Wernicke's area
is responsible for both understanding and formulating speech
94
Wernicke's aphasia
speak fluently but their speech does not make much sense
95
frontal lobe
especially important for speech production
96
motor cortex
includes Broca's area
97
Broca's area
motor speech center
98
Broca's apahsia
damage to the broca's area causes motor speech disorders and aphasia. Patient speaks in a slow, halting manner with telegraphic speech with few or no grammatical features.
99
pyramidal system
a bundle of nerve fibers that primarily originate in the motor cortex and travel without interruption to the brain stem and spinal cord. Carries impulses for voluntary movement
100
extrapyramidal system
have a diffuse origin in the cortex. the fibers of the system take an indirect route to their final destination in the sense that the fibers have multiple synaptic connections and relay stations.
101
spastic paralysis
muscles are too rigid and have too much tone
102
flaccid paralysis
lacking in tone, the muscles are too soft and flabby
103
Two main branches are especially important for the speech language functions
anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery
104
anterior cerebral artery
supplies blood to the frontal lobe in which motor centers are found
105
middle cerebral artery
moves into the inner portions of the brain and dividing again into branches supplies blood to most of the brain cells.. supplies both Broca's area and wernicke's area

Intro to Communication Disorders (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions