chapter 9

Question 1

The major portion of the hard palate is formed by the maxillae.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The hard palate is also known as the velum

Answer 2

false

Question 3

the velopharyngeal mechanism helps close the nasal port

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Native Americans have an incidence of cleft palate that is among the highest.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Clefts of the lip are more frequently seen in females than in males

Answer 5

False

Question 6

the two palatal shelves are totally separated

Answer 6

complete cleft palate

Question 7

the hard and the soft palate are normal

Answer 7

clefts of the primary palate

Question 8

is a means of reducing hypernasality and involves raising a band of tissue front eh pharyngeal wall and attaching it to the velum

Answer 8

pharyngeal flap surgery

Question 9

Children with clefts have the greatest difficulty with

Answer 9

consonants that require the buildup of intraoral air pressure

Question 10

In compensatory articulation, the child tries to

Answer 10

produce sounds in unusual ways

Question 11

one in ____ newborn babies shows structural abnormalities of the upper lip, hard palate, or both.

Answer 11

750

Question 12

A cleft on one side is ____________, and one on both sides is __________

Answer 12

unilateral

bilateral

Question 13

The audible leakage of air through the nose during the production of non-nasal sounds is called _________ _______

Answer 13

nasal emissions

Question 14

In the Veau Wardill Kilner surgical procedure, the cleft is surgically closed and the palate is _________

Answer 14

lengthened

Question 15

An _________ is an artificial device that helps close the cleft.

Answer 15

obturator

Question 16

normal maxilla and lip.the two palatal shelves did not fuse

Answer 16

cleft of the secondary palate

Question 17

abnormalities of the skull and face

Answer 17

craniofacial anomalies

Question 18

facial clefts are a part of _________ anomalities

Answer 18

craniofacial

Question 19

abnormalities of the face and mouth

Answer 19

orofacial anomalies

Question 20

openings that pass through one or more structures that are normally closed

Answer 20

clefts

Question 21

refers to an opening in the soft and the hard palate

Answer 21

cleft palate

Question 22

causes of clefts

Answer 22

genetic factors

environmental factors

Question 23

greater frequency of clefts of the palate in ________

Answer 23

females

Question 24

greater frequency of clefts of the lip in _______

Answer 24

males

Question 25

the greater frequency of clefts of both the lip and the palates in ________

Answer 25

males

Question 26

environmental factors that affect cleft palate

Answer 26

maternal alcoholism maternal B6 vitamin dificiencies cortisone, valium, dilantin and other drugs taken during pregnancy radiation during the early days of pregnancy rubella and influenza maternal obesity

Question 27

what is the most potent cause of clefts and other congenital abnormalities

Answer 27

cocaine

Question 28

a combination of genetic predisposition and certain environmental causes produces the final effect

Answer 28

multifactor theory (interactionist theory)

Question 29

a cleft on one side of the nose

Answer 29

unilateral cleft

Question 30

a cleft on both sides of the nose

Answer 30

bilateral

Question 31

the selves are partially fused

Answer 31

incomplete cleft

Question 32

palate appears normal because the tissue covering the palate hides a cleft of the hard palate, soft palate or both.

Answer 32

submucous cleft

Question 33

the patient's speech is _______ in many cases of submucous cleft of the hard palate.

Answer 33

normal

Question 34

a condition in which hte velopharyngeal mechanism is not adequate to achieve velopharyngeal closure.

Answer 34

congenital palatopharyngeal incompetence

Question 35

nasopharynx is too deep or the hard palate is too short. | muscles are of adequate bulk but still do not function to close the velopharyngeal port

Answer 35

congenital palatopharyngeal in competences

Question 36

Because of the cleft int he palate flood and fluids tend to find their way into the nasal cavity.

Answer 36

Feeding problems

Question 37

children with palatal clefts tend to suffer from ______ media and ________ hearing loss.

Answer 37

otitis | conductive

Question 38

children with clefts of the alveolar ridge tend to have more dental problems than do children with cleft of the hard and soft palates only

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Most common dental abnormalities

Answer 39

``` malocclussions insufficient growth of teeth and gum tissue cross bite protruding premaxillla growth of extra teeth ```

Question 40

Language disorders of children with clefts

Answer 40

``` slow acquisition of language smaller and less varied vocabulary shorter and simpler sentences limited spontaneous speech delayed answers to questions grammatical errors ```

Question 41

errors of articulations and the resulting problem of intelligibility

Answer 41

speech disorders

Question 42

speech disorders of children with clefts

Answer 42

distorted speech sounds omissions of speech sounds substitution of speech sounds nasal emissions

Question 43

Because of velopharyngeal inadequacy, children with clefts tend to show the following kinds of reasonance or voice problems:

Answer 43

hypernasality hoarseness weak or to soft voice

Question 44

THe cleft palate team includes

Answer 44

``` plastic surgeon speech language pathologist dentist orthodontist otologist audiologist psychologist pediatrician social worker educational specialists ```

Question 45

goals of surgery

Answer 45

medical treatment improved appearance and better communication

Question 46

_______ surgery is done when the baby weights 10 lbs and is 10 weeks old and has a hemoglobin count of 10 gm before he leaves the hospital

Answer 46

lip

Question 47

the initial surgeru done to close the cleft

Answer 47

primary surgery

Question 48

surgery to repair the palatal clefts is done early _____ to _____ months or late between _____ to _____ months

Answer 48

6-15 | 15-24

Question 49

the cleft is surgically closed, but there may be no lengthening of the palate

Answer 49

von langenbeck procedure

Question 50

cleft of the soft palate is first repaired and later the cleft of the hard palate is repaired

Answer 50

schweckendik procedure

Question 51

objective instruments that help evaluate voice and resonation include the following:

Answer 51

``` nasometer cineradiography videofluoroscopy ultrasound endoscopy ```

Question 52

targets of articulation treatment for children with repaired clefts include the foloowing:

Answer 52

directing the flow of air out of mouth instead of the nose producing speech with less force making gentle contact of articulators opening the mouth wider during speech production

Question 53

In reducing hypernasality,the clinicial develops practice trials starting with the ______ nasal sounds and moving on to the ______ nasal soudns.

Answer 53

least | most