chapter 9 Flashcards
The major portion of the hard palate is formed by the maxillae.
True
The hard palate is also known as the velum
false
the velopharyngeal mechanism helps close the nasal port
True
Native Americans have an incidence of cleft palate that is among the highest.
True
Clefts of the lip are more frequently seen in females than in males
False
the two palatal shelves are totally separated
complete cleft palate
the hard and the soft palate are normal
clefts of the primary palate
is a means of reducing hypernasality and involves raising a band of tissue front eh pharyngeal wall and attaching it to the velum
pharyngeal flap surgery
Children with clefts have the greatest difficulty with
consonants that require the buildup of intraoral air pressure
In compensatory articulation, the child tries to
produce sounds in unusual ways
one in ____ newborn babies shows structural abnormalities of the upper lip, hard palate, or both.
750
A cleft on one side is ____________, and one on both sides is __________
unilateral
bilateral
The audible leakage of air through the nose during the production of non-nasal sounds is called _________ _______
nasal emissions
In the Veau Wardill Kilner surgical procedure, the cleft is surgically closed and the palate is _________
lengthened
An _________ is an artificial device that helps close the cleft.
obturator
normal maxilla and lip.the two palatal shelves did not fuse
cleft of the secondary palate
abnormalities of the skull and face
craniofacial anomalies
facial clefts are a part of _________ anomalities
craniofacial
abnormalities of the face and mouth
orofacial anomalies
openings that pass through one or more structures that are normally closed
clefts
refers to an opening in the soft and the hard palate
cleft palate
causes of clefts
genetic factors
environmental factors
greater frequency of clefts of the palate in ________
females
greater frequency of clefts of the lip in _______
males
the greater frequency of clefts of both the lip and the palates in ________
males
environmental factors that affect cleft palate
maternal alcoholism
maternal B6 vitamin dificiencies
cortisone, valium, dilantin and other drugs taken during pregnancy
radiation during the early days of pregnancy
rubella and influenza
maternal obesity
what is the most potent cause of clefts and other congenital abnormalities
cocaine
a combination of genetic predisposition and certain environmental causes produces the final effect
multifactor theory (interactionist theory)
a cleft on one side of the nose
unilateral cleft
a cleft on both sides of the nose
bilateral
the selves are partially fused
incomplete cleft
palate appears normal because the tissue covering the palate hides a cleft of the hard palate, soft palate or both.
submucous cleft
the patient’s speech is _______ in many cases of submucous cleft of the hard palate.
normal
a condition in which hte velopharyngeal mechanism is not adequate to achieve velopharyngeal closure.
congenital palatopharyngeal incompetence
nasopharynx is too deep or the hard palate is too short.
muscles are of adequate bulk but still do not function to close the velopharyngeal port
congenital palatopharyngeal in competences
Because of the cleft int he palate flood and fluids tend to find their way into the nasal cavity.
Feeding problems
children with palatal clefts tend to suffer from ______ media and ________ hearing loss.
otitis
conductive
children with clefts of the alveolar ridge tend to have more dental problems than do children with cleft of the hard and soft palates only
True
Most common dental abnormalities
malocclussions insufficient growth of teeth and gum tissue cross bite protruding premaxillla growth of extra teeth
Language disorders of children with clefts
slow acquisition of language smaller and less varied vocabulary shorter and simpler sentences limited spontaneous speech delayed answers to questions grammatical errors
errors of articulations and the resulting problem of intelligibility
speech disorders
speech disorders of children with clefts
distorted speech sounds
omissions of speech sounds
substitution of speech sounds
nasal emissions
Because of velopharyngeal inadequacy, children with clefts tend to show the following kinds of reasonance or voice problems:
hypernasality
hoarseness
weak or to soft voice
THe cleft palate team includes
plastic surgeon speech language pathologist dentist orthodontist otologist audiologist psychologist pediatrician social worker educational specialists
goals of surgery
medical treatment
improved appearance
and better communication
_______ surgery is done when the baby weights 10 lbs and is 10 weeks old and has a hemoglobin count of 10 gm before he leaves the hospital
lip
the initial surgeru done to close the cleft
primary surgery
surgery to repair the palatal clefts is done early _____ to _____ months or late between _____ to _____ months
6-15
15-24
the cleft is surgically closed, but there may be no lengthening of the palate
von langenbeck procedure
cleft of the soft palate is first repaired and later the cleft of the hard palate is repaired
schweckendik procedure
objective instruments that help evaluate voice and resonation include the following:
nasometer cineradiography videofluoroscopy ultrasound endoscopy
targets of articulation treatment for children with repaired clefts include the foloowing:
directing the flow of air out of mouth instead of the nose
producing speech with less force
making gentle contact of articulators
opening the mouth wider during speech production
In reducing hypernasality,the clinicial develops practice trials starting with the ______ nasal sounds and moving on to the ______ nasal soudns.
least
most
