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Infant psych > CHAPTER +Module 4 > Flashcards

CHAPTER +Module 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Young Jeremy often lays passively at the changing table while his mother takes care of him. eventually jeremy puts together that his mothers face means care time.

What is the term called for what is happening in Jeremys mind?

A

Associations

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2
Q

How does constructivism differ from associations?

A

Association is passive

constructivism is high-level associations = actively thinking about the world

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3
Q

Some people claim infants perceive very poorly, so experience is needed for sense development.

What group of people would claim this?

A

Empiricist

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4
Q

Some people claim that sense development is purely through maturation.

What group of people would say this?

A

Nativist

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5
Q

When Simon is born what is going to be his least developed sense.

A

Vision

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5
Q

Samantha thinks that all the processes involved in seeing are easy.

What does Samantha have?

A

instinct blindness

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6
Q

When does child have 20/50?

A

10 months

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6
Q

Humans have yet to build robots with human sight and perception.

What are the components that make this hard?

A
  1. segmenting objects
  2. Depth perception
  3. Ability to not run into objects
  4. Facial recognition
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6
Q

Sarah started to look at the stripes, but as they got smaller, she looked away.

What does it mean when she looks away at a certain point?

A

That’s her acuity point

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7
Q

When does the baby have 20/100

A

8 months

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7
Q

What improves acuity?

A

The brain compares images to clear images over time

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8
Q

What is the acuity at birth

A

20/200

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9
Q

When is acuity 20/20

A

age 6

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10
Q

Marge notices that Sam can’t follow her finger smoothly and seems to be jumping is eyes to catch up with it,

What is Sam lacking

A

Smooth pursuit

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11
Q

When same is looking at a toy where is he most likely to focus on

A

The corner of the object where there is high contrast.

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12
Q

what is proof that smooth pursuit is due to maturation?

A

Preterm babies do it much later after birth.

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13
Q

Sam’s mom wants to decorate the nursery in pastel blues and pinks.

What can you tell her if she hopes her new baby will see the colours?

A

Make the nursery bright and make sure it has large patches.

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14
Q

What develops rapidly in the eyes

A

the 3 types of foveal cones
short/blue
medium/green
long/red

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15
Q

What does it mean to be trichromatic?

A

see colour comparing how different cones respond to light

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16
Q

James can’t see the colour red?

What does this mean?

A

He has either an absent cone or weak response in the red/long cone

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17
Q

What is the main take away from categorical perception

A

if no categorical perception infant will dishabituate to all colours including the same original colour

if they do have categorical perception: dishabituate to all colours except the original on

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18
Q

Main take away for the colour block studies

A

colour has to cross the nano line for infants with categorical perception to dishabituate

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19
Q

what are the three types of depth cues

A

binocular
pictorial
dynamic

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20
Q

This cue involves having 2 eyes

A

binocular

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21
Q

this cue exist in 2D pictures

A

pictorial

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22
Q

this cue involves seeing moving objects

A

dynamic

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23
Q

what cue is the easiest to manipulate

A

pictorial

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24
Q

what cue is the stablest

A

dynamic

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25
Q

what cue needs to align and doesn’t appear during birth

A

Binocular

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26
Q

Bill says goodbye to his friend and as he walk away his friend gets smaller. However, Bill knows that his friend is still 5’0 ft in his head.

What does Bill’s brain use.

A

Size constancy

27
Q

What proves that babies have size constancy

A

study shows an object that has been moved around and a new object that is larger but placed at the same retinal imgae as the old image

Babies look at new object = they have size constancy

28
Q

How do people determine that there is two objects in the visual array

A

Object Segregation

29
Q

What helps distunguish tow objects when there is no gaps

A

Changes in colour and texture

and motion cues

30
Q

Elements that move together are likely part of the same object

A

Common motion

31
Q

What study shows that infant have common motion

A

Infant habituate to solid rod once it is reveal from behind the box and not from the partial rode

32
Q

Why did newborns fail at common motion and what is one way that they succeed?

A

Newborns have trouble with smooth pursuit

Use a strobemotion and new born succeed in common motion

33
Q

What study shows common movement

how did babies fair with their results

A

grab an object and it either stays together or pulls apart

8 month year olds have adult patterns

33
Q

Does colour effect common motion?

A

No, common motion is a strong cue and trumps colour

34
Q

what happens when you deny a baby of pictures until 18 months

A

Babies will still recognize the object in the photo

can recognize 2D versions of the 2d objects

35
Q

What do babies need when dealing with photos.

A

Experience. Babies think the picture is the real thing. Over time they stop making this mistake.

36
Q

In other cultures with less pictures do babies behave differently.

A

No, babies come to the same conclusion with recognizing pictures and make the error of thinking it is real

less cultures with pictures just takes longer to not make a mistake

37
Q

what happens when baby is habituated to a partial view of a 3D object and the back is shown to be hollow.

A

6 months = dehabituated (novel)
4 months = still habituated

38
Q
A
39
Q
A
40
Q

When Alfred is shown a face and a configuration of a face that is top heavy. What will happen?

A

Alfred will not have a preference as he can’t distungiush the 2

41
Q

What was the finding for high risk autistic children and faces

A

they had no preference

42
Q

what is it called when infants perfer faces, 2 month olds don’t, and then 5 months have rapid facial tracking abilities.

A

U shape face preference

43
Q

why do newborns have facial tracking abilities

A

nature provides then abilities to interact with the world in an adaptive way

44
Q

What was the intial theory on the U shape face preference phenomena

A

Two system views

45
Q

What is the two systems theory

A

lower level system prefers crude top heavy

a better system takes over, during this fight between these 2 systems there is no preference for face

46
Q

2 month old katies doesn’t have a preference for face. what is happening in her mind.

A

2 system fighting for control leading to no facial preference

47
Q

James focused on his mothers alot when looking at her.

How old is James

A

8 months

48
Q

what is the explaination between 2 month and 8 month change of facial attention

A

language development is starting to happen

49
Q

why can babies better distiunguish humans faces then money faces at an older age

A

perceptual narrowing

50
Q

if stassi is raised by males what happens to her facial abilities.

A

perfers and better discriminant male faces by 3 months

less strong

51
Q

How can you stop the racial face preference 3 months olds have

A

providing a diverse environment

52
Q

What happens when 9 month white kristen sees a bunch of different races together and sees another white face

A

dehabitautes to the white face and not other.

grouped all races into an other category

53
Q

do male and female chicks have the same face to face preference

A

no only females

54
Q

Is hearing a critical period?

A

no sensetive

best to put cochlear implant before 2, but adults can hear, not well at perceiving

55
Q
A
56
Q

western infants detecting complex rhythm changes and aduls not is a sign of?

A

perceptual narrowing

57
Q

what is amodal sensory

A

invariant info that cuts across all modalities

example rhythm and tempo

58
Q

what does intersensory redundancy help?

A

learning, redundant info is learnt better

59
Q

what is intermodal

A

ability to intergrate info from multiple sensory systems into one experience

60
Q
A
61
Q

what study shows that intermodal perception is innate

A

pacifer study

when babies sucked on a nubby or smooth pacifer without seeing it they looked at the correct match

62
Q

What did Gessell believe when he created the major motor milestones

A
  1. universally achieved
  2. developmental variation is genetic
63
Q

How did Gessell believe milestones were achieved?

A

development of the central nervous system

64
Q

if a baby was late to walk, what would Gessell say was the problem?

A

genetic factors

65
Q

Is gessels view discont. or cont. and why is it it incorrect?

A

discont,

motor development is cont. happens over a long time and variable. Kids can walk then stop walking for a bit and gradually get better

66
Q

What essential milestone does gessell leave out

A

reaching

67
Q

the universal nature of gessells view true?

give one example

A

no, some babies never crawl.

68
Q

What helps babies with reaching

A

balance

69
Q
A

Infant psych (7 decks)

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