Chapter 1 (Lecture)

Question 1

What was Plato’s belief in terms of development

Answer 1

nativist
children have the concept of animals at birth
body traps the soul

Question 2

What was Aristotle’s views in terms of development

Answer 2

empiricist

Children are blank slates

Question 3

What is an empiricist?

Answer 3

pro nurture
all knowledge comes from experiences
knowledge through the senses

Question 4

What did John Locke believe in?

Answer 4

empiricism
knowledge through senses

Question 5

Rousseau beliefs.

Answer 5

Children need absolute freedom

Question 6

Descartes belief

Answer 6

Nativism
we are born with concepts (god, infinity, and substances)

Question 7

What did Darwin bring the infant psych
what was the cons of it.

Answer 7

the baby biography
small sample size and reporter bias

Question 8

Define Nature

Answer 8

BIOLOGY, GENES, Quality we were born with

Question 9

Define nurture

Answer 9

growth through experiences

Question 10

What is Nativism

Answer 10

the mind evolved like other organs
innate abilities

Question 11

What is the poverty of stimulus

Answer 11

The argument nativist use to argue that the stimulus we learn with is not good enough to allow the way we learn

Meaning there has to be innate abilities to help us learn so quickly

Question 12

What is the nativist way to account for different changes in humans

Answer 12

Change in maturation.

Question 13

Define empiricist views

Answer 13

• all knowledge through senses and experiences

Question 14

Who founded behaviourism and where can you place this on the scale of nativism or empiricism

Answer 14

John Watson
Pure empiricism

Question 15

What study shows how experience drives eye development and how did it do it?

Answer 15

Artificially influence chick’s vision.
Results: eyes grow until clear sight even after manipulation

Question 16

what are epigentics

Answer 16

Changes in how genes are expressed, w/o changes to the DNA itself

Question 17

domain-general vs domain-specific
give an example and put it under either Nativism or empiricism

Answer 17

Domain-general: all serving, example is memory, emprisim

Domain-specific: specific, face-detection, nativism

Question 18

Babies were considered {Blank} learners but researchers have shown babies are {blank}

Answer 18

Passive, Active

Question 19

What is one way to showcase babies’ active learning styles?

Answer 19

Crib speech, facial preferences (face over non-face)

Question 20

Quantitative vs Qualitative

Answer 20

Quan: gradual uniform increase, stability across life span,
Qual: rapid and dramatic change, catipillar to butterfly,

Question 21

Whagt is inoculation theory and what type of change does it stem from?

Answer 21

Early childhood is the best to foster growth
Qual

Question 22

Lnaguage is either Qual or Quan?

Answer 22

Neither, they look like both

Question 23

What is the ethos of the change theorists

Answer 23

humans are plastic and nothing is permenant

Question 24

In what way does context affect delayed gratification?

Answer 24

Reliability of the environment effects delay gratification.
Children are less likely to wait if the environment is unreliable.

Question 25

what is a critical period?

Answer 25

time where development must occur is it will happen at all
if development does not happen in this period the skill will be lost

Question 26

What does the Romanian orphans show about development

Answer 26

Social development most severe and resistant to change

Younger the child left bad environment more susceptible to positive change

Question 27

What study showed the causational effects on environment and child development

Answer 27

Bucharest early intervention