Chapter: Lymphatic System and Immunity

Question 1

Present at birth ad includes defense
mechanisms that provide general protection
against invasion by a wide range of
pathogens

Answer 1

Nonspecific Resistance (Innate Immunity)

Question 2

Involves activation of specific lymphocytes
that combat a particular pathogen or other
foreign substance

Answer 2

Immunity (Adaptive Immunity)

Question 3

The body system that carries out immune responses
is the

Answer 3

lymphatic system

Question 4

consists of several structures and organs that contain
lymphatic tissue, bone marrow, and a fluid called
lymph that flows within lymphatic vesse

Answer 4

Lymphatic System

Question 5

 The lymphatic system functions to:
1. Drain interstitial fluid
2. Transport dietary fats
3. Carry out immune responses

Answer 5

Functions of the Lymphatic System

Question 6

Lymphatic vessels begin as lymphatic capillaries,
which are closed on one end
o Lymphatic capillaries are located between
cells of many tissues
o Lymphatic capillaries merge to form
lymphatic vessels, which have thin walls
and many valves

Answer 6

Lymphatic Vessels and Capillaries

Question 7

are found throughout the body
except in avascular tissues, the central nervous
system, portions of the spleen, and bone marrow.

Answer 7

Lymphatic Capillaries

Question 8

From the lymphatic vessels, lymph passes through
lymph nodes and then into lymph trunks
o Lymph trunks include the lumbar, intestinal,
bronchomediastinal, subclavian, and
jugular trunks
 Lymph trunks then merge to form either the thoracic
duct or the right lymphatic duct

Answer 8

Lymph Trunks and Ducts

Question 9

As lymphatic vessels exit lymph nodes in a
particular region of the body, they unite to
form ______

Answer 9

Lymph Trunks

Question 10

drain lymph from the lower limbs, the wall
and viscera of the pelvis, the kidneys, the
adrenal glands, and the abdominal wall.

Answer 10

Lumbar Trunks

Question 11

drains lymph from the stomach, intestines,
pancreas, spleen, and part of the liver.

Answer 11

Intestinal Trunk

Question 12

drain lymph from the thoracic wall, lung, and
heart.

Answer 12

Bronchomediastinal Trunks

Question 13

o drain the upper limbs.

Answer 13

Subclavian trunks

Question 14

drain the head and neck

Answer 14

Jugular Trunks

Question 15

forms a single junction with the venous
system.

Answer 15

Right Lymphatic Duct

Question 16

the largest lymph vessel
o forms the main duct for return of lymph to
the blood.

Answer 16

Thoracic (Left Lymphatic) duct

Question 17

o This long duct, approximately 38–45 cm
(15–18 in.), begins as a dilation
o = cavity reservoir
o anterior to the second lumbar vertebra.
o The cisterna chyli receives lymph from the
right and left lumbar trunks and from the
intestinal trunk.

Answer 17

Cisterna Chyli

Question 18

The sequence of fluid flow is blood capillaries (blood)
 → interstitial spaces (interstitial fluid)
 → lymphatic capillaries (lymph)
 → lymphatic vessels (lymph)
 → lymphatic trunks or ducts (lymph)
 → junction of the internal jugular and
 subclavian veins (blood).

Answer 18

Formation and Flow of Lymph

Question 19

Primary lymphatic organs are organs where immune
cells become immunocompetent
o Red bone marrow
o Thymus

Answer 19

Lymphatic Organs and Tissues

Question 20

are the sites where stem cells divide and become
immunocompetent

Answer 20

Primary lymphatic organs

Question 21

 the sites where most immune responses occur.
 They include lymph nodes, the spleen, and lymphatic
nodules (follicles). The thymus, lymph nodes, and
spleen are considered organs because each is
surrounded by a connective tissue capsule;
lymphatic nodules, in contrast, are not considered
organs because they lack a capsule.

Answer 21

Secondary Lymphatic organs and tissues