Chapter 11: The Muscular System

Question 1

MOVEMENT

Answer 1

 Skeletal muscles produce movements by exerting
force on tendons
 Tendons attach to and pull on bones, and
movement occurs

Question 2

Most muscles cross at least one joint and are
attached at the articulating bones
 When a muscle contracts, it draws one articulating
bone toward the other
 Origin – the attachment

Answer 2

ORIGIN AND INSERTION

Question 3

– the attachment to the stationary bone

Answer 3

 Origin

Question 4

– the attachment to the moveable bone

Answer 4

Insertion –

Question 5

Bones serve as levers and joints serve as fulcrums
The lever is acted on by:

Answer 5

 Resistance
 Effort

Question 6

Muscle fibers are arranged in parallel bundles within
fascicles but the arrangement of fasciculi in relation to
the tendon can vary
Fascicular arrangement is correlated with:
 The amount of power of a muscle can produce
 The range of motion a muscle can produce

Answer 6

EFFECTS OF FASCICLE ARRANGEMENT

Question 7

Most muscle movements are coordinated by
several skeletal muscles acting in groups rather than
individually, and most skeletal muscles are arranged in
opposing pairs at joints
 Agonist/prime mover
 Antagonist
 Synergist

Answer 7

COORDINATION WITHIN MUSCLE GROUPS

Question 8

Naming Muscles
A muscle may be named based on:

Answer 8

 Location
 Size
 Number of origins
 Appearance
 Direction of fibers
 Origin and insertion
 Muscle action

Question 9

The muscles of ________ lie within the
subcutaneous layer, originating on the fascia or bones
of the skull and inserting into the skin
When these muscles contract, they move the skin
rather than a joint.

Answer 9

Facial Expression

Question 10

The muscles that move the eyeballs are called
___________ because they originate in the
orbit and insert on the sclera

Answer 10

extrinsic eye muscles

Question 11

There are 3 pairs of extrinsic eye muscles:

Answer 11

 Superior and inferior recti
 Lateral and medial recti
 Superior and inferior obliques

Question 12

The tendon of the ________________
passes the eyeball and inserts into the upper eyelid
 This point of insertion allows it to raise the eyelid

Answer 12

levator palpebrae superioris

Question 13

The muscles that move the mandible are known as
the

Answer 13

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

Question 14

 The ______ is a highly mobile structure that
plays a critical role in mastication, taste, and
swallowing
 The _________is attached to the mandible, styloid
process of the temporal bone, and the hyoid
bone

Answer 14

tongue

Question 15

 The suprahyoid muscles elevate the hyoid bone,
floor of the oral cavity, and tongue during
swallowing
 Most of the infrahyoid muscles depress the hyoid
bone and some move the larynx

Answer 15

MUSCLES OF THE NECK

Question 16

 The anterolateral abdominal wall is composed skin,
fascia, and __ pairs of muscles

Answer 16

4

Question 17

The ______________ alter the size of the thoracic
cavity so that breathing can occur

Answer 17

muscle of the thorax

Question 18

 This group of muscles and associated fascia is
called the pelvic diaphragm, stretching from the
pubis to the coccyx and from one lateral wall of the
pelvis to the other

Answer 18

MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC FLOOR

Question 19

 The perineum is the region of the trunk inferior to the
pelvic diaphragm
 Diamond-shaped
 Extends from the pubic symphysis to the coccyx and
ischial tuberosities

Answer 19

MUSCLES OF THE PERINEUM

Question 20

Most ______ involve the knee
 _______ are usually related to faulty
training techniques
 __________ can be treated with:
 PRICE
 NSAIDS or corticosteriod injections
 Rehabilitative exercises

Answer 20

Running Injuries

Question 21

 Pressure constricts the structures within a
compartment resulting in damaged blood vessels
 Left untreated:
 Nerves can suffer damage
 Muscles can develop scar tissue and
contracture may result

Answer 21

COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

Question 22

 This is a painful heel condition that results from
chronic irritation of the plantar aponeurosis at its
origin on the calcaneus
 Treatment includes ice, heat, stretching, weight
loss, prosthetics, steroid injections, and/or surgery

Answer 22

PLANTAR FASCITIS