Chapter 10: Muscular Tissue Flashcards
THREE TYPES OF MUSCULAR TISSUE
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
FUNCTIONS OF MUSCULAR TISSUE
Producing body movements
Stabilizing body positions
Storing and mobilizing substances within the body
Generating heat
PROPERTIES OF MUSCULAR TISSUE
Electrical excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity
Narrow, plate-shaped regions of dense
material that separate sarcomere from the next
Z DISCS
Dark, middle part of sarcomere that extends
entire length of thick filaments and includes those parts
of thin filaments that overlap thick filaments
A BAND –
– Lighter, less dense area of sarcomere that
contains remainder of thin filaments but no thick
filaments. A Z disc passes through center of each __
band
I BAND
Narrow region in center of each A band that
contains thick filaments but no thin filaments
H ZONE
Region in center of H zone that contains
proteins that hold thick filaments together at center of
sarcomere
M LINE
Proteins that generates force during muscle
contractions
SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER PROTEINS
CONTRACTILE PROTEINS
CP that makes up thick filament;
molecule consists of a tail and two myosin heads,
which binds to myosin binding sites on actin
molecules of thin filament during muscle
contraction.
MYOSIN
CP that makes up thin filament; each
actin molecule has a myosin-binding site
where myosin head of thick filament binds
during muscle contraction
ACTIN
Proteins that help switch muscle contraction
process on and off
REGULATORY PROTEINS
Regulatory protein that is a
component of thin filament; when skeletal fiber
muscle is relaxed, Tropomyosin covers
myosin-binding sites on actin molecules,
thereby preventing myosin from binding to
actin.
TROPOMYOSIN
Regulatory protein that is a
component of thin filament; When calcium
ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin, it changes
shape; this conformational change moves
tropomyosin away from myosin-binding sites
on actin molecules, and muscle contraction
subsequently begins as myosin binds to
actin.
TROPONIN
Proteins that keep thick and thin filaments of
myofibrils in proper alignment, give myofibrils
elasticity and extensibility, and link myofibrils to
sarcolemma and extracellular matrix
STRUCTURAL PROTEINS
– Structural protein that connects Z disc
to M line of sarcomere, thereby helping to
stabilize thick filament position; can stretch and
then spring back unharmed, and thus accounts
for much of the elasticity and extensibility of
myofibrils
TITIN –
Structural protein of Z discs that
attaches to actin molecules of thin filaments
and to titin molecules
a-ACTININ
– Structural protein that forms M
line of sarcomere; binds to titin molecules an d
connects adjacent thick filaments to one
another
MYOMESIN
Structural protein that wraps
around entire length of each thin filament;
helps anchor thin filaments into Z discs and
regulate length of thin filaments during
development
NEBULIN
Structural protein that links
thin filaments of sarcomere to integral
membrane proteins in sarcolemma, which are
attached in turn to proteins in connective tissue
matrix that surrounds muscle fibers; thought to
help reinforce sarcolemma and helps transmit
tension generated by sarcomeres to tendons.
DYSTROPHIN
Organ made up of fascicles that contain muscle
fibers (cells), blood vessels, and nerves, wrapped
in epimysium
SKELETAL MUSCLE
Bundle of muscle fibers wrapped in Perimysium
FASCICLE