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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY > Chapter 23: The Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 23: The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the upper respiratory system

A

Nose, Nasa Cavity, Pharynx(throuat)

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2
Q

Lower Respiratory System

A

Larynx, Trachea, Right Main Bronchus, Lungs

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3
Q

– interconnecting cavities
and tubes both outside and within the lungs.
➢ Include: Nose, Nasal Cavity, Pharynx,
Larynx, Bronchi, Bronchioles, and Terminal
Bronchioles.
➢ Function: Filter, warm, moisten air and
conduct it into the lungs

A

CONDUCTING ZONE

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4
Q

tube and tissue within
the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
➢ Include: Respiratory bronchioles, Alveolar
ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli.
➢ Function: Site of gas exchange between air
and blood.

A

RESPIRATORY ZONE

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5
Q

What are the functions of respiratory System

A

Provide gas exchange: intake of O2 for delivery to
body cells and removal of CO2 produced.
* Regulate blood pH
* Receptor for sense of smell, filters inspired air,
produce vocal sounds (phonation), excrete small
amounts of water and heat.

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6
Q

superior attachment of the nose to
the frontal bone. (1)

A

ROOT

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7
Q

– tip of the nose (2)

A

Apex

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8
Q

– tip of the nose (2)

A

Apex

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9
Q

bony framework; formed by nasal
bones

A

➢ Bridge

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10
Q

Nostril; external
opening.(4)

A

External Naris

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11
Q

External Portion and Internal Portion

A

Nasal
Cavity

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12
Q

– Covered with muscle and skin,
lined with mucous membrane.

A

External Nose

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13
Q

several pieces
of hyaline cartilage connected by connective
tissue

Septal Nasal Cartilage – anterior of
the nasal septum.
o Lateral Nasal Cartilage
o Minor and Major Alar Cartilage –
form some parts of the nostrils.

A

Cartilaginous Framework

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14
Q

– divides the nasal cavity into
right and left sides.

A

Nasal Septum

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15
Q

Funnel shape, and extend to the larynx.
* Contraction of skeletal muscle assist in deglutition
or swallowing.
* Passageway for air and food.
* Provide resonating chamber for speech sounds.
* Houses Tonsils (participates in immunological
reaction to foreign invaders.

A

PHARYNX (Throat)

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16
Q

gives the
anterior wall a triangular shape. Present in both
male and female; larger in males due to the
hormone, testosterone.

A

Thyroid Cartilage (Adam’s apple)

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17
Q

– elevation of larynx cause it to move
down (during swallowing Pharynx and Larynx
widen.)

A

Epiglottis

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18
Q
  • landmark for making an
    emergency airway called tracheotomy.
A
  • Cricoid Cartilage
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19
Q

aka windpipe, tubular passageway of
air.

A
  • Trachea
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20
Q

goes to the
left and right lung, respectively.

A

Left and Right Main Bronchus

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21
Q

– more vertical, shorter
and wider. Objects are highly possible to
lodge.

A

➢ Right Main Bronchus

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22
Q

Right
lung has 2 lobes and the Left Lung has 2.

A
  • Right and Left Lobar Bronchus
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23
Q

Flow of air, in and out of the lungs.
* Air flows between the atmosphere and the
alveoli. Due to alternating contraction and
relaxation by respiratory muscles.

A

PULMONARY VENTILATION OR BREATHING

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24
Q

Air moves into the lungs when air pressure
in the lungs is less than the air pressure in
the atmosphere and vice versa.

A

PRESSURE CHANGES DURING PULMONARY
VENTILATION

25
Q

Diaphragm contract,
lung expand and air moves into lungs.

A

Muscle of Inhalation

26
Q

diaphragm and
external intercoastal, relax and the lungs
recoil

A
  • Muscle of Exhalation
27
Q

diaphragm flattens,
increasing the size of the thoracic cavity.

A
  • Contraction
28
Q

normal (shallow, deep or
combination)

A
  • Eupnea
29
Q

shallow (chest) breathing
(upward and outward direction of the chest)

A

Costal Beathing

30
Q

deep
(abdominal) breathing. (outward movement
of abdomen)

A

Diaphragmatic Breathing

31
Q

how gases move down from
their pressure gradient through diffusion

A
  • Dalton’s Law
32
Q

how solubility of gas relate to
its diffusion

A

Henry’s Law

33
Q

volume of gas in the lungs
at a given time during respiratory cycle.

A

Lung Volume

34
Q

– used for measuring volume of
air inspired and expired in the lungs.

A

Spirometer

35
Q

record obtained from
spirometer.

A

Spirogram

36
Q

1 hemoglobin = _ Oxygen Molecule

A

4

37
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: When oxygen is bonded to
hemoglobin, it gives blood its
bright-red appearance.

A

TRUE

38
Q

combination of different
lung volumes

A
  • Lung Capacity
39
Q

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM EXERCISE

A

Airway and tissue of respiratory tract
becomes less elastic and more rigid.
* Chest wall becomes more rigid.
* Lung capacity decreases.
* Decrease in blood level of O2, decrease
activity of alveolar macrophages and
diminished ciliary action of the epithelium
lining the respiratory tract occur.

40
Q

at the
tissue oxygen leaves the blood and the
hemoglobin enters into the cells and Oxygen
dissociates. Hemoglobin being saturated by
oxygen

A

OXYGEN DISSOCIATION CURVE

41
Q

Oxygen giving. Oxygen is leaving
the hemoglobin and entering the tissue

A

RIGHT

42
Q

More O2 in the tissue, Hemoglobin is
away from the tissue. Decreasing the
release of O2 from Hemoglobin to tissue.

A

LEFT

43
Q

CONTROL OF BREATING

A

During exercising the oxygen intake
increases by 10-20 fold.
* Exrecise, decreases the pH.
* Regulated by the Carbon Dioxide and need
of Oxygen.
* Receptors sends signals to trigger the
INSPIRATORY AND EXPIRATORY
NEURONS.

44
Q

– fire during
inspiration

A

INSPIRATORY NEURONS

45
Q

– fire during
expiration.

A

EXPIRATORY NEURONS

46
Q

control the
diaphragm and intercostal nerves.

A
  • PHRENIC NEURONS
47
Q

inspiration

A

Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)

48
Q

expiration

A

Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)

49
Q

– rhythm
generator.

A
  • Pre- Botzinger Complex
50
Q

Changes in the CO2 lead to changes in the
pH, which is detected by the

A

CHEMORECEPTORS

51
Q

changes in the
cerebrospinal fluid.

A

CENTRAL

52
Q

changes in pH,
CO2, O2 in the blood).

A

PEREIPHERAL

53
Q

– heringbreur inflation reflex

A

STRETCH RESEPTORS

54
Q

defensive
respiratory reflexes

A

RECEPTORS TO IRRITANTS

55
Q

– pain,
emotions affect breathing

A

LIMBIC SYSTEM/HYPOTHALAMUS

56
Q

blood flow to the lungs increase.

A

PULMONARY PERFUSION

57
Q

measure of the rate of O2 can diffuse
from alveolar air into the blood. May
increase threefold during exercise.
O2 consumption and breathing both
increases.
* More strenuous, the frequency of breathing
increases.

A

O2 DIFFUSING CAPACITY

58
Q
  • Airway and tissue of respiratory tract
    becomes less elastic and more rigid.
  • Chest wall becomes more rigid.
  • Lung capacity decreases.
  • Decrease in blood level of O2, decrease
    activity of alveolar macrophages and
    diminished ciliary action of the epithelium
    lining the respiratory tract occur.
A

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM EXERCISE

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (17 decks)

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