chapter fourteen Flashcards
treaty of brest-litovsk
march 1918
peace treaty that ended russias involvement in ww1
when was the russian civil war
april/may 1918 - 1920
when was the murder of the tsar + his family
july 1918
when were party secretariat, politburo and orgburo establish
march 1919 in party reorganisation
when was parties ban on factions
april 1920
when was death of lenin
1924
1918 constitution limitations
july 1918
vote reserved for toiling masses, so previously ‘exploiting classes’ were banned for running or voting
workers votes weighed 5 times more than peasants
congress (elected thing) were only to meet at intervals, sovnarkom still had real structural power
whites
the forces ranged against the bolshevik ‘reds’
consisted of both right and left wing political groups
associated with ex-tsarists, conservatives, liberals
although there were lots of moderate socialists, srs, and ethnic minorities involved
who supported the whites during the civil war
russias previous war time allies (britain france and the usa)
due to idealogical capitalism + to force russia to help them again in ww1 which was still going on
and because bolsheviks werent paying back russias debts to them because the dissolving of the banks
factors that helped the bolshevisk win the civil war
geographic advantage
control of the railways
trotskys relationship with the armys
the whites were often independant so generally weaker
had more support from workers and peasants than the tsarists
financial support of the whites from the west withdrawn after ww1 was over mostly
national struggle in poland 1920-21
extension of the civil war
the poles invaded western ukraine (may 1920)
lenin ordered a peaceful counter offense on them to hopefully spark a communist revolution
ended in poland being granted self rule (march 1921)
what countries gained independance around 1921
poland
belorussia
latvia
lithuania
estonia
what was sovnarkom eventually replaced with
the politburo
politburo
the highest policy makking making government authority under communist rule and in the communist party
general secretary
only person to have a seat on the politburo and orgburo
(role held by stalin who was ALSO on the secretariat)
orgburo
created in 1919
to supervise the work of local party committees and supervise the permanent secretariat which was concerned was the day-to-day running of the party
sovnarkom vs politburo
top of soviet government vs top of communist party
when did russia become the ussr
december 1922
how many times were the party congresses called between 1939-1952
and what was the trend in the years before
none (0)
roughly every 2/3 years-ish
lenin enrollment
took place 1924-25
party membership doubled to 1million
and eventually 3.5million by 1933
slowed by the purges
1936 constitution
enforced the ‘soviet identity’
promised autonomy to local groups
promised four yearly elections with the right to vote for all those over 18- including the old bougeroise this time
ended up not being that democratic or followed very closely tho
what happened to party leaders in georgia allegedly planning to leave the ussr
they were purged (1951)
why is stalins 50th birtdhay significant (december 1929)
solidified him as ussrs leader definitely
start of his cult of personality
stalins cult of personality
presented him as lenins disciple
bringer of enlightnment to the russian people
father of the people
smartest man ever
(post ww2) amazing war leader, led russia to victory from the nazis
examples of how stalin spread the cult of personality
the history of the all-union communist party (1938 onwards) became the main history textbook
edited to show stalin net to lenin more than real, edited to remove stalins enemies and presented threats like trotsky as enemies of the people
generally altered history in stalins favour
