chapter fourteen

Question 1

treaty of brest-litovsk

Answer 1

march 1918
peace treaty that ended russias involvement in ww1

Question 2

when was the russian civil war

Answer 2

april/may 1918 - 1920

Question 3

when was the murder of the tsar + his family

Answer 3

july 1918

Question 4

when were party secretariat, politburo and orgburo establish

Answer 4

march 1919 in party reorganisation

Question 5

when was parties ban on factions

Answer 5

april 1920

Question 6

when was death of lenin

Answer 6

1924

Question 7

1918 constitution limitations

Answer 7

july 1918
vote reserved for toiling masses, so previously ‘exploiting classes’ were banned for running or voting
workers votes weighed 5 times more than peasants
congress (elected thing) were only to meet at intervals, sovnarkom still had real structural power

Question 8

whites

Answer 8

the forces ranged against the bolshevik ‘reds’
consisted of both right and left wing political groups
associated with ex-tsarists, conservatives, liberals
although there were lots of moderate socialists, srs, and ethnic minorities involved

Question 9

who supported the whites during the civil war

Answer 9

russias previous war time allies (britain france and the usa)
due to idealogical capitalism + to force russia to help them again in ww1 which was still going on
and because bolsheviks werent paying back russias debts to them because the dissolving of the banks

Question 10

factors that helped the bolshevisk win the civil war

Answer 10

geographic advantage
control of the railways
trotskys relationship with the armys
the whites were often independant so generally weaker
had more support from workers and peasants than the tsarists
financial support of the whites from the west withdrawn after ww1 was over mostly

Question 11

national struggle in poland 1920-21

Answer 11

extension of the civil war
the poles invaded western ukraine (may 1920)
lenin ordered a peaceful counter offense on them to hopefully spark a communist revolution
ended in poland being granted self rule (march 1921)

Question 12

what countries gained independance around 1921

Answer 12

poland
belorussia
latvia
lithuania
estonia

Question 13

what was sovnarkom eventually replaced with

Answer 13

the politburo

Question 14

politburo

Answer 14

the highest policy makking making government authority under communist rule and in the communist party

Question 15

general secretary

Answer 15

only person to have a seat on the politburo and orgburo
(role held by stalin who was ALSO on the secretariat)

Question 16

orgburo

Answer 16

created in 1919
to supervise the work of local party committees and supervise the permanent secretariat which was concerned was the day-to-day running of the party

Question 17

sovnarkom vs politburo

Answer 17

top of soviet government vs top of communist party

Question 18

when did russia become the ussr

Answer 18

december 1922

Question 19

how many times were the party congresses called between 1939-1952
and what was the trend in the years before

Answer 19

none (0)
roughly every 2/3 years-ish

Question 20

lenin enrollment

Answer 20

took place 1924-25
party membership doubled to 1million
and eventually 3.5million by 1933
slowed by the purges

Question 21

1936 constitution

Answer 21

enforced the ‘soviet identity’
promised autonomy to local groups
promised four yearly elections with the right to vote for all those over 18- including the old bougeroise this time
ended up not being that democratic or followed very closely tho

Question 22

what happened to party leaders in georgia allegedly planning to leave the ussr

Answer 22

they were purged (1951)

Question 23

why is stalins 50th birtdhay significant (december 1929)

Answer 23

solidified him as ussrs leader definitely
start of his cult of personality

Question 24

stalins cult of personality

Answer 24

presented him as lenins disciple
bringer of enlightnment to the russian people
father of the people
smartest man ever
(post ww2) amazing war leader, led russia to victory from the nazis

Question 25

examples of how stalin spread the cult of personality

Answer 25

the history of the all-union communist party (1938 onwards) became the main history textbook
edited to show stalin net to lenin more than real, edited to remove stalins enemies and presented threats like trotsky as enemies of the people
generally altered history in stalins favour