chapter eight

Question 1

russias minimum annual growth rate 1984-1913

Answer 1

8%

Question 2

who ‘masterminded’ russias economic expansion

Answer 2

the minister 1892-1903 (witte)

Question 3

examples of russias economic expansion under witte

Answer 3

railway trackage almost doubled
coal output increased by over 700million between 1890 to 1900
foreign investment soured (especially with france, due to witte being french)

Question 4

why did foriegn investment increase

Answer 4

growing strength and stability of the rouble

Question 5

impact of growing foreign investment

Answer 5

growing economic growth and capital to develop russias infrastructure; new railways, telegraph lines, mines and forests

Question 6

where did 25% of russias income come from 1903-1913

Answer 6

industrial investments

Question 7

trans siberian railway

Answer 7

built between 1891-1902 (with wittes instigation)
railway linked central euopean russia and moscow with the pacific ocean
distance of 7,000 kilometers
brought large economic benefits

Question 8

industrial changes under witte

Answer 8

the expansion of heavy industry and movement away from the light industry (e.g. textiles) that russia had previously focused on

Question 9

number of factories increase from 1887 to 1908

Answer 9

+9,000 factories

Question 10

number of factory workers increase from 1887 to 1908

Answer 10

+1.3million (total = 2.6million)

Question 11

what were russias main industrial products

Answer 11

pig iron
coal
crude oil
(+light industries)

Question 12

how much total industrial output by 1910 was still light industry

Answer 12

40%

Question 13

what happened to the rural economy between industrialisation and around 1906

Answer 13

it was ignored for industry

Question 14

percentage of population provided for by the rural economy

Answer 14

80-90%

Question 15

what did the government do to prevent land-hunger

Answer 15

encourage migration to siberia (opened up by the trans siberian railway)

Question 16

stolypins land reforms

Answer 16

began in 1903 + escalated in 1905
wanted peasants to become permanent owners of land
wanted all of a peasants land should be in one place rather than scattered
and that peasants should be able to farm without interference from the mirs

Question 17

what stopped the success of stolypins land reforms

Answer 17

needed 20 years of peace to have an effect (did not happen due to wwi)