Chapter Four - Viticulture

Question 1

Stages of the annual growth cycle of a vine

Answer 1

• Winter dormancy
• Weeping
• Bud Break
• Shoot & leaf growth
• Photosynthesis
• Flowering
• Berry set
• Veraison
• Phenolic maturity
• Harvest

Question 2

Translocation

Answer 2

The process by which materials are moved from one part of the vine to another

Question 3

Photosynthesis

Answer 3

The process by which sunlight is converted into sugar

Question 4

Transpiration

Answer 4

The process by which water evaporates through openings on the underside of the leaves

Question 5

Respiration

Answer 5

The process by which sugar is broken down and converted into biological energy

Question 6

A problem that causes poor fruit set, also known as “shatter”

Answer 6

Coulure

Question 7

A soil based roundworm that has become more prevalent with the increased use of shallow-rooted rootstock

Answer 7

Nematode

Question 8

A mold that is sometimes beneficial, also known as “noble rot.”

Answer 8

Botrytis Cinerea

Question 9

A fungal disease also known as powdery mildew

Answer 9

Oidium

Question 10

A problem with abnormal fruit set that causes grape bunches to have a high proportion of small, seedless berries mixed in with normal, larger berries

Answer 10

Millerandage

Question 11

A fungal disease also known as downy mildew

Answer 11

Peronospora

Question 12

A bacterial disease spread by insects such as the glassy-winged sharpshooter

Answer 12

Pierce’s disease

Question 13

A destructive louse that feeds off the roots of vinifera vines

Answer 13

Phylloxera

Question 14

What is the difference between climate and weather?

Answer 14

Weather is the actual meteorological conditions experienced whereas climate is the historical average weather of a place. Climate is long term and weather is short term.

Question 15

How much water do grapevines need on an annual basis

Answer 15

20 - 30 inches

Question 16

Explain why soils with low fertility are generally ideal for commercial vineyards

Answer 16

Encourage the vine to produce less vegetation and fewer grapes

Question 17

Put these four soil types in order, from smallest to largest, gravel, silt, clay, and sand

Answer 17

Clay, silt, sand, gravel

Question 18

Describe the potential differences between a vineyard situated at a high elevation and one situated on a valley floor

Answer 18

A v.yard at a higher elevation will be cooler, windier, and may have less fog. The lower altitude v.yard will also have more intense sunlight and larger diurnal temperature swings.

Question 19

Explain the effects that larger bodies of water have on the climate of a nearby vineyard

Answer 19

V.yards located close to water experience far less temperature variation than those without water influence. Bodies of water provide a source of humidity.

Question 20

T/F

In general, a lower latitude translates into a warmer climate

Answer 20

True

Question 21

T/F

The Oechsle system of measuring grape ripeness is widely used in France

Answer 21

False

Question 22

T/F

Photosynthesis slows, but does not stop, at night

Answer 22

False

Question 23

T/F
The annual growth cycle of a vine is considered to begin each year with bud break, which starts once temperatures reach 65 F in the spring

Answer 23

False

Question 24

T/F

When producing dry table wines, the typical time from bud break to harvest is 140 - 160 days

Answer 24

True

Question 25

T/F Ideally, soil should enable the vine's roots to access water when needed, but also ensure that excess water is drained away

Answer 25

True

Question 26

T/F | In the N. Hemisphere, a vineyard on a slope that faces north gets the most sun

Answer 26

False

Question 27

T/F Regions with a continental climate generally experience hotter summers and colder winters than regions with a Mediterranean

Answer 27

True

Question 28

T/F | Transpiration is the process by which water evaporates through opening on the underside of the leaves known at stomata

Answer 28

True

Question 29

T/F | A Med. Climate is considered to have too short a growing season in order for grapes to ripen on a regular basis

Answer 29

False

Question 30

T/F | In general, sugar as measured by degrees Brix will convert to alcohol by a conversion factor of 55%

Answer 30

True

Question 31

T/F | Photosynthesis tends to slow down at temperatures below 50 F

Answer 31

True

Question 32

T/F | A refractometer is used to measure the amount of rainfall that penetrates the topsoil to a depth of 6 inches

Answer 32

False

Question 33

T/F | Head trained vines - sometimes referred to as gobelet style vines - do not typically require vine trellis systems

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What best describes the process of Veraison?

Answer 34

The grapes begin a sudden acceleration toward maturation and begin to take on color

Question 35

What is considered the ideal latitudes for commercial wine grape growing in both the N. and S. Hempisheres?

Answer 35

Between 30 and 50 degrees

Question 36

What vineyard disease is easily spread by the glassy-winged sharpshooter

Answer 36

Pierce's disease

Question 37

Vine metabolic process in which sugar is broken down and converted into biological energy

Answer 37

Respiration

Question 38

What temperature signals the beginning of a bud break in the spring?

Answer 38

50 F

Question 39

What is most likely to occur after Veraison?

Answer 39

- Acidity levels fall - Red grapes start to turn color and darken - Sugar levels rise

Question 40

Describe the ideal conditions for photosynthesis

Answer 40

warm days, long days, sunny skies, minimal shading, southern aspect (northern aspect in the Southern Hemisphere), well-managed vine canopy

Question 41

On a grapevine, the cordons are part of the plants ______

Answer 41

Canopy

Question 42

What type of malady is oilidum?

Answer 42

Fungal disease

Question 43

What type of malady is Pierce's Disease?

Answer 43

Bacterial disease

Question 44

Portion of the vine that includes leaves, branches, and fruit

Answer 44

Canopy

Question 45

The vines branches, while they are young and pliable

Answer 45

Canes

Question 46

Inserting an unrooted cutting into the trunk of an existing vine

Answer 46

Field Grafting

Question 47

Vines begin to decline at this age

Answer 47

20 years

Question 48

Sap flowing upward from the trunk out the canes (before the emergence of new grennery)

Answer 48

Weeping

Question 49

At the beginning of the growth cycle of the vine - tiny shoots emerge

Answer 49

Bud Break

Question 50

Transition from flower to berry

Answer 50

Fruit set

Question 51

Condition in which many flowers do not develop into grapes

Answer 51

Coulure

Question 52

Abnormality resulting in many small, seedless berries in the grape bunches

Answer 52

Millerandage

Question 53

The beginning of ripening

Answer 53

Veraison

Question 54

Typical time period from bud break to harvest

Answer 54

140 to 160 days

Question 55

French term for the combined natural factors of a vineyard site

Answer 55

Terroir

Question 56

Fungal disease known as oidium

Answer 56

Powdery Mildew

Question 57

Fungal disease known as peronospora

Answer 57

Downy Mildew

Question 58

Root eating louse of great threat to vineyards

Answer 58

Phylloxera

Question 59

The two main approaches to pruning

Answer 59

Spur pruning | Cane pruning

Question 60

Vine training system that does not use supports nor trellises

Answer 60

Head training (bush training)

Question 61

Vine training system that guides vines up a tall support

Answer 61

Pergola

Question 62

Vine training system that guides one or two canes or cordons along a trellis

Answer 62

Guyot

Question 63

3 examples of divided canopy systems

Answer 63

- Geneva Double Curtain - Lyre - Scott Henry