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CSW > Chapter Four - Viticulture > Flashcards

Chapter Four - Viticulture Flashcards

1
Q

Stages of the annual growth cycle of a vine

A
  • Winter dormancy
  • Weeping
  • Bud Break
  • Shoot & leaf growth
  • Photosynthesis
  • Flowering
  • Berry set
  • Veraison
  • Phenolic maturity
  • Harvest
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2
Q

Translocation

A

The process by which materials are moved from one part of the vine to another

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3
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process by which sunlight is converted into sugar

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4
Q

Transpiration

A

The process by which water evaporates through openings on the underside of the leaves

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5
Q

Respiration

A

The process by which sugar is broken down and converted into biological energy

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6
Q

A problem that causes poor fruit set, also known as “shatter”

A

Coulure

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7
Q

A soil based roundworm that has become more prevalent with the increased use of shallow-rooted rootstock

A

Nematode

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8
Q

A mold that is sometimes beneficial, also known as “noble rot.”

A

Botrytis Cinerea

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9
Q

A fungal disease also known as powdery mildew

A

Oidium

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10
Q

A problem with abnormal fruit set that causes grape bunches to have a high proportion of small, seedless berries mixed in with normal, larger berries

A

Millerandage

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11
Q

A fungal disease also known as downy mildew

A

Peronospora

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12
Q

A bacterial disease spread by insects such as the glassy-winged sharpshooter

A

Pierce’s disease

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13
Q

A destructive louse that feeds off the roots of vinifera vines

A

Phylloxera

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14
Q

What is the difference between climate and weather?

A

Weather is the actual meteorological conditions experienced whereas climate is the historical average weather of a place. Climate is long term and weather is short term.

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15
Q

How much water do grapevines need on an annual basis

A

20 - 30 inches

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16
Q

Explain why soils with low fertility are generally ideal for commercial vineyards

A

Encourage the vine to produce less vegetation and fewer grapes

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17
Q

Put these four soil types in order, from smallest to largest, gravel, silt, clay, and sand

A

Clay, silt, sand, gravel

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18
Q

Describe the potential differences between a vineyard situated at a high elevation and one situated on a valley floor

A

A v.yard at a higher elevation will be cooler, windier, and may have less fog. The lower altitude v.yard will also have more intense sunlight and larger diurnal temperature swings.

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19
Q

Explain the effects that larger bodies of water have on the climate of a nearby vineyard

A

V.yards located close to water experience far less temperature variation than those without water influence. Bodies of water provide a source of humidity.

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20
Q

T/F

In general, a lower latitude translates into a warmer climate

A

True

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21
Q

T/F

The Oechsle system of measuring grape ripeness is widely used in France

A

False

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22
Q

T/F

Photosynthesis slows, but does not stop, at night

A

False

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23
Q

T/F
The annual growth cycle of a vine is considered to begin each year with bud break, which starts once temperatures reach 65 F in the spring

A

False

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24
Q

T/F

When producing dry table wines, the typical time from bud break to harvest is 140 - 160 days

A

True

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25
Q

T/F
Ideally, soil should enable the vine’s roots to access water when needed, but also ensure that excess water is drained away

A

True

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26
Q

T/F

In the N. Hemisphere, a vineyard on a slope that faces north gets the most sun

A

False

27
Q

T/F
Regions with a continental climate generally experience hotter summers and colder winters than regions with a Mediterranean

A

True

28
Q

T/F

Transpiration is the process by which water evaporates through opening on the underside of the leaves known at stomata

A

True

29
Q

T/F

A Med. Climate is considered to have too short a growing season in order for grapes to ripen on a regular basis

A

False

30
Q

T/F

In general, sugar as measured by degrees Brix will convert to alcohol by a conversion factor of 55%

A

True

31
Q

T/F

Photosynthesis tends to slow down at temperatures below 50 F

A

True

32
Q

T/F

A refractometer is used to measure the amount of rainfall that penetrates the topsoil to a depth of 6 inches

A

False

33
Q

T/F

Head trained vines - sometimes referred to as gobelet style vines - do not typically require vine trellis systems

A

True

34
Q

What best describes the process of Veraison?

A

The grapes begin a sudden acceleration toward maturation and begin to take on color

35
Q

What is considered the ideal latitudes for commercial wine grape growing in both the N. and S. Hempisheres?

A

Between 30 and 50 degrees

36
Q

What vineyard disease is easily spread by the glassy-winged sharpshooter

A

Pierce’s disease

37
Q

Vine metabolic process in which sugar is broken down and converted into biological energy

A

Respiration

38
Q

What temperature signals the beginning of a bud break in the spring?

A

50 F

39
Q

What is most likely to occur after Veraison?

A
  • Acidity levels fall
  • Red grapes start to turn color and darken
  • Sugar levels rise
40
Q

Describe the ideal conditions for photosynthesis

A

warm days, long days, sunny skies, minimal shading, southern aspect (northern aspect in the Southern Hemisphere), well-managed vine canopy

41
Q

On a grapevine, the cordons are part of the plants ______

A

Canopy

42
Q

What type of malady is oilidum?

A

Fungal disease

43
Q

What type of malady is Pierce’s Disease?

A

Bacterial disease

44
Q

Portion of the vine that includes leaves, branches, and fruit

A

Canopy

45
Q

The vines branches, while they are young and pliable

A

Canes

46
Q

Inserting an unrooted cutting into the trunk of an existing vine

A

Field Grafting

47
Q

Vines begin to decline at this age

A

20 years

48
Q

Sap flowing upward from the trunk out the canes (before the emergence of new grennery)

A

Weeping

49
Q

At the beginning of the growth cycle of the vine - tiny shoots emerge

A

Bud Break

50
Q

Transition from flower to berry

A

Fruit set

51
Q

Condition in which many flowers do not develop into grapes

A

Coulure

52
Q

Abnormality resulting in many small, seedless berries in the grape bunches

A

Millerandage

53
Q

The beginning of ripening

A

Veraison

54
Q

Typical time period from bud break to harvest

A

140 to 160 days

55
Q

French term for the combined natural factors of a vineyard site

A

Terroir

56
Q

Fungal disease known as oidium

A

Powdery Mildew

57
Q

Fungal disease known as peronospora

A

Downy Mildew

58
Q

Root eating louse of great threat to vineyards

A

Phylloxera

59
Q

The two main approaches to pruning

A

Spur pruning

Cane pruning

60
Q

Vine training system that does not use supports nor trellises

A

Head training (bush training)

61
Q

Vine training system that guides vines up a tall support

A

Pergola

62
Q

Vine training system that guides one or two canes or cordons along a trellis

A

Guyot

63
Q

3 examples of divided canopy systems

A
  • Geneva Double Curtain
  • Lyre
  • Scott Henry

CSW (24 decks)

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