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Nutrition and Physical Performance > Chapter D > Flashcards

Chapter D Flashcards

1
Q

critical to ATP supply in first few minutes of exercise

A

Glycolysis

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2
Q

Rate of glycolysis and amount ATP production possible determined by

A
  1. Training status
  2. Muscle mass
  3. Substrate availability
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3
Q

Glycolysis meets —– of energy demands in an event lasting 2 min

A

60%

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4
Q

Glycolysis meets —– of energy demands in an event lasting 4 min

A

30%

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5
Q

Glycolysis meets —– of energy demands in an event lasting over 30 min

A

<5%

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6
Q

How does NADH provide energy?

A

Electrons shuttled through oxidative phosphorylation to generate energy

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7
Q

How does pyruvate provide energy?

A

Shuttled to mitochondria for complete oxidation or

Converted to lactate

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8
Q

What is the only source of energy for RBC?

A

Glycolysis

Why?
Bc they have no mitochondria

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9
Q

Major source of ATP for muscles under sever exercise conditions

A

Glycolysis

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10
Q

Immediate intake post exercise promotes

A

Glucose transport and glycogen synthesis for use in next training session

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11
Q

Glucose from diet is phosphorylated to

A

Glucose 6 phosphate in cell

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12
Q

Glucose from glycolysis is phosphorylated to

A

Glucose 1 phosphate

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13
Q

What does Phosphorylation do?

A

Traps glucose in cell

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14
Q

3 roles of glycolysis

A

Generate ATP directly
Generate NADH
Generate pyruvate

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15
Q

When does glycolysis predominate as energy-yielding pathway?

A
  1. During rapid change from rest to activity; or rapid change from low to high intensity
  2. During exercise when oxygen is limited (especially isometric)
  3. When VO2 is 60% or more of VO2
    max
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16
Q

Glycolytic pathway regulation deepens on concentration of

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Glycogen
  3. Glucose 6 phosphate
  4. ADP
17
Q

Need for glycolysis determined by

A

Rate of ATP hydrolysis

18
Q

ADP phosphorylation achieved by 2 glycolytic enzyme

A
  1. Phosphoglycerate kinase

2. Pyruvate kinase

19
Q

Primary targets for regulation of glycolytic pathway ?

A

3 irreversible reactions of glycolysis

  1. Hexokinase
  2. phosphofructokinase
  3. Pyruvate kinase
20
Q

Regulation of hexokinase

A

Regulated by produce of its reaction
If G6P increases too much, binds to hexokinase and slows reaction

Added effect of slowing glucose uptake into cell (limit substrate)

21
Q

Major regulatory enzyme

A

Phosphofructokinase

22
Q

List regulators of PFK1 activity

A 
ATP
Citrate 
ADP/AMP
Pi
F2,6 bisphosphate
23
Q

How does ATP regulate PFK1

A

Allosteric inhibitor
Allosteric inhibition enhanced by H
Bind to negative allosteric site

24
Q

How does citrate regulate of PFK1 activity

A

Provides index of fuel and ATP sufficiency

FA metabolism for ATP production increases citrate production

25
Q

How do ADP/AMP regulate PFK1 activity?

A

Small changes in ATP lead to big changes in ADP and AMP concentration

26
Q

How does Pi regulate PFK1 activity

A

During PCr regeneration of ATP, decrease in PCr inversely related to Pi concentration

Helps relieve H inhibition of PFK

27
Q

Lactate might actually protect from fatigue due to

A

Loss of intracellular potassium

28
Q

Potential sources of fatigue in working muscle

A

Depletion of phosphogens/increase in Pi

Change in intramuscular pH

29
Q

PH changes during exercise

What is pH at rest?

A

7.4

30
Q

PH changes during exercise

What is pH after high intensity exercise

A

7

31
Q

PH changes during exercise

What is pH at point of fatigue

A

6.3

32
Q

High [H+] affects fatigue in 2 ways:

A
  1. inhibit glycolysis (does it?)
  2. directly interfere with contractile mechanism (at physiologic temperature, does it?)
  3. stimulate free nerve endings in muscle → pain)
33
Q

What to do for recovery after exercise

A

Restore muscle Pcr and ATP
Remove accumulated lactate
Restore normal pH
Replace glycogen stores

Nutrition and Physical Performance (17 decks)

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