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Nutrition and Physical Performance > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

In endurance event anaerobic metabolism predominates when ?

A

For only about the 1st minute

Aerobic metabolism dominates after that

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2
Q

Who has lower isometric strength in quadriceps?

Endurance runners or sprinters

A

Endurance runners

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3
Q

Who has lower isometric strength in quadriceps ?

Endurance runners or
A healthy untrained person

A

Healthy untrained person

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4
Q

VO2 max limiting factors ?

A

Heart pumping capacity

Lungs ability to deliver O2 specially at altitude

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5
Q

How come endurance athletes’ muscle is not a limiting factor ?

A

Their muscles have sufficient concentration of necessary enzymes that they aren’t limiting factor

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6
Q

How to distinguish the elite performer

A

VO2 max: best performers tend to have high VO2 max

Also elite can also run at a high fraction of VO2 max

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7
Q

Elite performers have a high proportion of this kind of fiber

A

Type 1 fiber

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8
Q

Most of their fast twitch fibers are

A

Type IIa

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9
Q

In elite athletes oxidative enzymes are highly present in

A

Type I and

Type IIa

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10
Q

True or False ?

oxidative capacity of elite athletes’ type-IIa fibers exceed the sedentary person’s type I fibers

A

True

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11
Q

True or False ?

oxidative capacity of type-II fibers exceeds the capacity of type-I fibers in the same person!

A

FALSE
oxidative capacity of type-II fibers
doesn’t exceed the capacity of type-I fibers in the same person!

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12
Q

Biggest adaptation in elite athletes

A

Capacity for use of fat as fuel

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13
Q

What is a potential limitation to endurance exercise performance

A

CHO availability

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14
Q

Key in CHO homeostasis

A

Liver

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15
Q

True or false ?

RBCs have no mitochondria

A

True

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16
Q

True or false

CHO is more efficient storage of energy than fat

A

FALSE

Fat is more efficient

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17
Q

True or false

Fat cells have little H2O

A

True

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18
Q

How much water in glycogen ?

A

2-3 g /1 g glycogen

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19
Q

fat storage in avg men

A

15-20% body mass

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20
Q

Fat storage in avg women

A

25-33% body mass

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21
Q

Fat storage in elite athletes men

A

3-5%

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22
Q

Fat storage in elite women athletes

A

7-10%

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23
Q

Fat functions

A 
Energy storage 
Protect vital organs 
Insulate from cold 
Membrane component 
Nerve sheaths
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24
Q

90% of body fat is

A

Triglyceride

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25
Q

Most triglyceride is in

A

Fat cells

And some in skeletal muscle

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26
Q

Most common #C fatty acids ?

A

14,22,16,18

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27
Q

What is lipolysis

A

Breakdown of triglyceride into 3 FA and 1 glycerol

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28
Q

Prolonged exercise at 50% VO2 max

A

Increases blood circulation in fat tissue

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29
Q

T/F?

Intense exercise increases blood floe in fat tissue , restricting entry of FFAs and glycerol into circulation

A

F

intense exercise decreases blood flow in fat
tissue, restricting entry of FFAs and glycerol into circulation

30
Q

This protein transports most FFA within plasma

A

Albumin

31
Q

How does FFAs across sarcolemma membrane goes into muscles

A

With facilitated diffusion

32
Q

In muscle FFAs are converted to

A

Acetyl coA in preparation for beta oxidation

33
Q

What is needed to transport FAs in the form of acetyl coA across mitochondrial membrane

A

Carnitine

34
Q

What is carntine

A

A vitamin-like substance
Found mostly in skeletal muscle &heart , red meats, dairy products
Synthesized in the liver & kidney

35
Q

Carnitine is synthesized in the

A

Liver and kidney

36
Q

Is carnitine essential in diet ?

A

NO

37
Q

Esssential AAs

A 
phenylalanine,  
valine, 
threonine,
methionine,  
tryptophan,  
histidine,
isoleucine,  
leucine, 
lysine
38
Q

Lives uses which essential AAs

A

Methionine

Lysin

39
Q

At exercise intensity >60% VO2max how does body provide energy

A

ATP derived from CHO oxidation and anaerobic glycolysis

40
Q

T/F?

Fats can’t fuel ATP production anaerobically, so
FAs are oxidized in mitochondria via beta-
oxidation

A

T

41
Q

Products of beta oxidation of Fatty Acids

A

Acetyl CoA
Water
5 ATP

42
Q

This should be removed prior to oxidation of FA

A

Amino group

43
Q

Removal of Amino group is done by

A

TransAmination

44
Q

What happens to the remaining carbon skeleton in oxidation of FA

A

Oxidized in the TCA cycle

45
Q

2 ways remaining carbon skeleton is oxidized in TCA cycle

A
  1. Acetyl CoA

2. Alpha-ketogluterate or Oxaloacetate

46
Q

How many mole of ATP per mole of glucose

A

38

47
Q

T/F

Hormonal response is greater when exercising at high temperature

A

T

48
Q

Hormonal response mobilizes

A

Glycogen and triglyceride stores

49
Q

Hormonal release during excercise

A 
Insulin 
Glucagon 
Catecholamines 
Cortisol
Growth hormone 
Cytokines
50
Q

Catecholamines

A

Adrenaline

Noradrenaline

51
Q

Catecholamines promote

A

Liver glycogen breakdown

Adipose tissue lipolysis

52
Q

How much should the exercise intensity be in order for catecholamine concentration to increase in the blood

A

> 50% VO2 max

53
Q

Main effects of cortisol

A

Promote protein degradation
AA release from muscle
Stimulate gluconeogenesis in the liver

54
Q

Growth hormone stimulate

A

Mobilization of FFA from adipose tissue

55
Q

Protein messenger molecule

A

Cytokines

56
Q

This hormone is both pro inflammatory and anti inflammatory

A

Cytokines

57
Q

Amount of release of cytokines is related to

A

Exercise DURATION

58
Q

What is a prolonged exercise

A

Intensity sustainable for 30-180 min

59
Q

T/F?

ATP demand for prolonged exercise is lower than that of intensity exercise

A

T

60
Q

During prolonged exercise plasma free FA can rise to

A

3-5 X resting concentration

61
Q

T/F?

FA oxidation can’t meet ATP requirements at VO2max of above 50-60%

A

True

62
Q

——-enhances performance in hot conditions

A

Bupropion

63
Q

Diet need to supply how much CHO

A

6-10 g CHO/kg of body weight

64
Q

Suggestion for consuming CHO after training

A

50-100 gr CHO

65
Q

Endurance capacity at 70% VO2 max closely related to

A

Initial muscle glycogen

66
Q

Suggested CHO intake RATE when exercise duration is > 1 hr

A

30-60 g/hr

67
Q

Reason for improving brief intense enhancement by caffeine

A

Brain stimulation

Muscle contraction stimulation

68
Q

IV infusion of carnitine with insulin

Increase

A

Cartinitine uptake into muscles

69
Q

With IV infusion of carnitine and a large CHO intake (orally) substituting for

A

IV infusion of insulin

70
Q

Increasing muscle carnitine content appears to

A

Reduce glycolysis
Increase FA oxidation
Ergogenic aid

Nutrition and Physical Performance (17 decks)

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