Chapter B5- Communicable Diseases Flashcards
Where do bacteria and viruses reproduce rapidly?
What can bacteria produce?
What does this do to the body?
What do viruses do to cells?
What is measles and what are the symptoms?
How is measles spread by?
How is HIV spread?
What are the symptoms of the Tobacco mosaic virus?
What is one species of plant that is often attacked by the TMV?
Inside the body.
Poisons (toxins).
That damage tissues and make us feel ill.
Live and reproduce inside cells, causing cell damage.
A viral disease showing the symptoms of fever and a red skin rash.
The inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs.
By sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids such as blood when drug users share needles.
Gives a distinctive mosaic pattern of discolouration on the leaves which affects the growth of the plant due to lack of photosynthesis.
For example a Tomato plant.
What are the symptoms of the bacteria salmonella?
How can the spread of gonorrhoea be controlled?
How is the rose black spot (a fungal disease) spread?
What are the pathogens that called malaria called?
What does the malaria protists life consist of?
How is the spread of malaria controlled?
What are the four areas of the body responsible for the humans defence system?
Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea.
By treatment with antibiotics or the use of a barrier method of contraception such as a condom.
Spread in the environment by water or wind.
Protists.
A life cycle that includes the mosquito.
By preventing the vectors, mosquitos from breeding and by using mosquito nets to avoid being bitten.
The skin, nose, trachea and bronchi and stomach.
What are antigens?
What happens if a pathogen enters the body?
In what three ways do white blood cells help to defend against pathogens?
Describe the first stage production?
Describe the second production?
Describe the third production?
What are these antibodies?
Usually proteins on the surface of pathogens.
The immune system tries to destroy the pathogen.
Phagocytosis
Antibody production
Antitoxin production.
Production 1: Phagocytosis
The ingestion of pathogens by white blood cells.
Production 2: Antibody production
White blood cells may produce antibodies which bind to pathogens.
Production 3: Antitoxin production
White blood cells may produce antitoxins which bind to toxins produced by the microbe.
These are specific to pathogen antigens.
What is an independent variable?
What is a dependent variable?
What prevents growth on living tissue?
What are disinfectants used for?
What do antibiotics kill off?
What do plants need from the soil?
What happens if plants do not get enough of this?
What are nitrates needed for?
What can a lack of nitrates cause?
Something you change.
Something you measure.
Antiseptics.
They prevent bacterial growth on surfaces.
Antibiotics only kill off bacteria not viruses, fungi or protists.
Mineral ions.
They suffer from deficiency problems.
To make proteins and therefore for growth.
Stunted growth.
What are magnesium ions needed for?
What can a lack of magnesium ions cause plants to get and so have?
What types of diseases can plants be infected by?
What are common signs in plants of these diseases?
What do most plant leaves have and what are they used for?
What are plants surrounded by and what are these made from?
What else do plants have in layers and where are these found?
The making of chlorophyll which is needed for photosynthesis.
Chlorosis and have yellow leaves resulting in the rate of photosynthesis to slow down.
Viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens.
- Stunted growth
- Spots on leaves
- Patches of decay (rotting)
- Abnormal growths
- Malformed stems/leaves
- Discolouration.
Waxy cuticle providing a barrier for pathogens.
Cell walls, made from cellulose.
They have layers of dead cells around their stems.
What two chemical defences can plants make and why?
What are some plants adapted to have?
What do others have (concerning leaves) and why?
Who can some plants cleverly mimic?
How do (and describe) bacteria grow?
What is this process called?
What are four examples of ways to reduce or prevent the spread of disease?
What is a method for preventing someone from developing measles?
What type of drugs can be used to control HIV?
Describe the appearance of leaves that are infected with the rose black spot and what two things then happen to the leaves?
Why is it important to destroy the removed leaves of rose black spot disease?
What are two symptoms of gonorrhoea?
What is the name of the antibiotic originally used to treat people infected with gonorrhoea?
What is an example of a fungus that can cause disease in plants?
What is an example of an insect that can cause damage to plants?
- Some produce antibacterial chemicals to kill bacteria
- Others produce poisons which deter herbivores.
Thorns and hairs.
They have leaves that drop and curl when touched preventing them from being eaten.
Other organisms.
They divide rapidly and easily by simple cell division.
Binary fission.
- Being hygienic
- Destroying vectors
- Isolating infected individuals
- Vaccination.
The person can be vaccinated against the pathogen.
Antiretroviral drugs.
Purple or black spots develop on the leaves. These leaves can then turn yellow and drop off.
If there are any leaves left it could infect other plants.
- Pain when urinating
- A thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis.
Penicillin.
Rose black spot.
Aphids.
