Chapter B2- Cell division Flashcards
What is mitosis?
What are the three main reasons that mitosis occurs?
What’s it called when the body cells divide in a series of stages?
What does cell division in the cell cycle involve?
What cells does this produce?
What are the cells called that produce new cells?
What are cells called after mitosis?
What does a cell inherit in mitosis?
What is another process that depends on mitosis?
Cell division in animals and plants.
Growth, replacement of cells, repairing of damaged tissue (basically growth and repair).
Cell cycle.
Mitosis.
Two identical cells.
The parent cells.
The daughter cells.
Two sets of chromosomes.
Asexual reproduction.
What is genetic modification (GM)?
What can any living thing be?
What is tissue culture in cloning?
What is embryo transplant?
What is adult cell cloning?
What do embryo cells contain in adult cell cloning?
What happens when the embryo has developed into a ball of cells?
When genes can be transferred to the cells of animals, plants or microorganisms at an early stage in their development so that they develop with desired characteristics.
Genetically modified by adding genes to them.
Using small groups of cells from a part of a plant.
Splitting apart cells from a developing animal embryo before they become specialised, then transplanting the identical embryos into host mothers.
When the nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell. Then, the nucleus from an adult body cell, is then inserted into the egg cell. Then an electric shock then caused the egg cell to begin to divide to form embryo cells.
The same genetic information as the adult body cell.
The cell is inserted into the womb of an adult female to continue its development.
What are stem cells?
What are the two main categories of stem cells?
Where are the first type of stem cells found?
What is their job?
What can’t these type of stem cells do?
What can the second type of stem cells do?
Where are these cells found?
What are these type of cells also referred to as?
What’s the cell called when an egg cell and sperm cell fuse together?
Cells that can specialize into many different types.
Adult stem cells and Pluripotent stem cells.
Inside people of all ages, even new-borns.
To replace cells that wear out.
They can’t become every type of cell.
Become any type of cell.
In an embryo.
Embryonic stem cells.
Zygote.
What are adult stem cells called (concerning the process)?
Where would you find the highest concentration of undifferentiated cells in a plant?
Describe what happens in stage 1 of the cell cycle?
Describe what happens in stage 2 of the cell cycle?
Describe what happens in stage 3 of the cell cycle?
What are these three stages of the cell cycle called?
Therapeutic cloning.
In the root tips (undifferentiated cells are formed at the active parts of the root and stem).
Stage 1: the longest stage in the cycle. The cells grow bigger, increase mass and carry out normal cell activities and replicate their DNA and increase the number of sub cellular structures (eg mitochondria, ribosomes etc).
Mitosis where one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the dividing cell and the nucleus divides.
Where the cytoplasm and the cell membranes also divide to form two identical daughter cells.
Interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis.
How do prokaryotic cells reproduce?
What happens to the cell in this process?
Describe the first stage?
Describe the second stage?
Describe the third stage?
Describe the fourth stage?
What does each of the cells produced have that’s the same but can have that’s variable?
When can bacteria divide very quickly and give some examples?
What happens to bacteria if conditions become unfavourable?
What can you use to calculate the number of bacteria in a population?
Describe what this is?
What two things can you calculate if you know this?
Using a type of simple cell division called Binary Fission
The cell splits into two
The circular DNA and plasmid(s) replicate
The cell gets bigger and the circular DNA strands move to opposite “poles” (ends) of the cell
The cytoplasm begins to divide and new cell walls begin to form
The cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are produced
Each daughter cell has one copy of the circular DNA, but can have a variable number of copies of the plasmid(s)
If given the right conditions (eg warm environment and lots of nutrients)
The cells will stop dividing and eventually begin to die
By using the Mean Division Time
The mean division time is the average amount of time it takes for one bacterial cell to divide into two
You can work out how many times it has divided in a certain amount of time and so the number of cells it has produced in that time.
